Embedded Systems Overview

Embedded Systems in Vending Machines

Introduction to Computer Architecture
  • The core of a vending machine is an embedded system, specifically a microcontroller.
Inputs to the Embedded System
  • Keypad: Used for item selection by customers.
  • Sensors:
    • Coin Counter: Counts the coins inserted by the customer.
    • Temperature Sensors: Monitors the internal temperature of the machine.
    • Tilt Sensor: Provides security by detecting if the machine has been moved or tampered with.
Outputs of the Embedded System
  • Actuators: Control mechanisms to operate the motors that drive the helixes to deliver selected items to the customer.
  • Cooling System: Signals to operate the cooling system if the internal temperature exceeds a specified limit.
  • LCD Display Panel: Shows item description and any change due back to the customer.
  • Remote Data Transmission: Sends data back to the vending machine company for sales activity review. This includes instructions for refilling the machine, reducing the need for onsite visits.
Automation and Sales Analysis
  • The embedded system allows for automation of operations and provides immediate sales analysis, making processes more efficient compared to manual checks.

Embedded Systems in Washing Machines

General Features of White Goods
  • White Goods: Includes appliances like refrigerators, washing machines, and microwave ovens, all controlled by embedded systems.
  • User Interface: Generally includes a keypad or dials to select operational parameters like temperature, wash cycle, or cooking duration.
Operation of White Goods
  • Inputs from the user interface feed into the embedded system. The system automatically carries out the required task with minimal human intervention.
  • Many white goods can now be operated remotely via internet-enabled smartphones or computers, enhancing user convenience.

Activity 3.2

  1. CPU/Microprocessor Performance
    a. Improving Performance:

    • Potential methods include increasing clock speed, adding more cores, or utilizing more advanced fabrication technologies.
    • Risks involved:
      • Overheating due to increased clock speeds.
      • Increased power consumption.
      • Higher costs in implementation and development.
        b. Instruction Set:
    • Refers to the set of commands that a microprocessor can execute, defining the supported operations and how they are accessed.

  2. GPS Navigation System
    a. Inputs for Embedded System:

    • Location Data: From satellites or triangulated cell tower signals.
    • User Inputs: Destination entered by the user.
    • Environmental Data: Current road conditions that may affect navigation.
      b. Updates for the GPS Device:
    • Updates are typically done wirelessly through an internet connection, allowing the device to receive necessary updates without physical garage visits.