Unit 6 Review Guide DCUSH

Missouri Compromise of 1820:

  • line drawn 36-30 → Missouri Compromise Line

  • South →Slavery

  • North → Free

California admission into the Union:

  • Wants to join US in 1850 as free

Components of Compromise of 1850:

  • South upset over CA being free

  • DC → own slaves, could not buy or sell

  • New Mexico and Utah territories → popular sovereignty… fugitive slaves

Fugitive Slave Act:

  • Northerners required to help return runaway slaves

  • Law made it easy for freedmen to be kidnapped and sent south… institutionalized practice of slavery

Uncle Tom’s Cabin:

  • Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

  • Humanized enslaved people and exposed brutality of slavery to northerners

Popular Sovereignty:

  • people of a territory vote on issue of slavery

  • lets people decide

  • Stephen Douglas

Kansas-Nebraska Act:

  • people of Kansas and Nebraska territory vote on slavery even though both were north of 36-30 (Popular Sovereignty)

Bleeding Kansas:

  • mini civil war in Kansas territory between pro and anti-slavery factions… John Brown killed pro-slavery people

Dred Scott Decision:

  • angered northerners - decision allowed slavery in SC territories, rules slaves as not being citizens and unable to sue

  • congress does NOT have right to restrict slavery in territories… made Missouri Compromise unconstitutional

Harpers Ferry:

  • John Brown’s raid on federal arsenal to help arm slaves for a potential slave revolt

Election of 1860:

  • Two regional elections → North: Lincoln (Republican) vs. Douglas (North Democrat), South: Breckinridge (South Democrat) vs. Bell (Constitutional Union)

  • North has more people → more electoral votes

  • Lincoln wins election with enough electoral votes to become President, even not being on the ballot in the South

Lincoln’s Platform in 1860:

  • limit slavery in territories

  • Allow slavery to exist in South

South Carolina and Secession 1860:

  • SC → first to secede from Union

  • Lower states follow (GA, FL, MS, AL, CA, TX)

  • SC left because of Lincoln’s decision to limit slavery

Crittenden Compromise:

  • Series of amendment proposals that would’ve protected slavery in the Constitution

  • Peace conference at Willard Hotel → proposal rejected by Congress

Lincoln’s Position on Crittenden Compromise:

  • allowed for institution of slavery to expand and be enshrined into Constitution

Fort Sumter:

  • first shots fired

  • federal fort in Charleston, SC

Emancipation Proclamation:

  • Delayed because of border states

  • Lincoln was hesitant

  • Freed all slaves in areas of rebellion (Confederacy)

Why was Lincoln hesitant to issue Emancipation Proclamation?

  • Border states

Which battle victory convinced Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

  • Battle of Antietam

Union Advantages:

  • Larger population and industrial base

  • Railroads

  • Established government

Copperheads:

  • Northern supporters of Confederacy

Confederacy Advantages:

  • Experienced military leadership

Anaconda Plan:

  • Divide Confederacy along Mississippi River and blockade port cities in Atlantic coast

July 1863:

  • Turning point in war

  • Union starts to win

  • Vicksburg (completes Anaconda Plan) and Gettysburg (Lee’s army breaks)

Sherman and Total Warfare (Hard War)

  • Atlanta burns

  • March to the Sea

  • SC impacted South’s ability to wage war