Bat Echolocation

  • Azimuth (horizontal angle)

    • Determined by intensity of sound received by each ear

    • Echoes show target size, texture,

  • Azimuth (vertical angle)

    • Tragus bats on interference patterns from bouncing off tragus

    • Horseshoe bats move their ears up and down independently

    • External changes for interpreting sounds (noses and ears) may be easier to change evolutionarily then internal brain structure)