Fisher Ch 3-4

Procedural framework for conducting therapy with an emphasis on ethical implications.

Transition to detail regarding Ethics Code General Principles (Chapters 3 and 4).
Discussion of ethical commitment, competence, and decision-making to apply ethical standards in psychology.

Aspirational principles and behavioral rules applicable to the various roles of psychologists.
Purpose: to guide moral actions and obligations of psychologists.

Five core values embedded in the ethical principles that outline the moral vision of psychology.
Designed to inspire ethical conduct without prescribing specific actions.
Listed alphabetically to reflect equal importance and situational relevance.

Definition: Psychologists must strive to benefit their clients/patients and avoid causing harm.
- Emphasizes safeguarding welfare and rights of individuals and ensuring humane treatment of animals in research.
- Requires awareness of external factors (personal, financial, social, etc.) that may lead to misuse of professional influence.
- Obligations when conflicts arise include resolution efforts to avoid or minimize harm.
Commitment to doing good includes:
- Promoting welfare.
- Treating individuals and animals with humanity.
- Enhancing scientific understanding.
- Improving societal conditions.
Examples reflective of Principle A:
- Standards: 2.02 (Providing Services in Emergencies), 3.09 (Cooperation With Other Professionals), 8.09 (Humane Care of Animals).
Ethical scenarios exemplifying beneficence and nonmaleficence:
- Academic standards and grading fairness.
- Balancing participant risks and benefits in randomized clinical trials.
- Ethical disclosures about confidentiality to prevent self-harm or harm to others.
Enforceable standards ensuring avoidance of harm include:
- Competency (Standard 2.01).
- Avoidia harmful relationships (Standards 3.05, 3.08).

Ethical challenges presented by COVID-19 on beneficence and nonmaleficence in research and practice.
Historical context from the Belmont Report regarding rights protection of vulnerable populations.
Research ethics committees' burden due to rapid research application surge during the pandemic affecting treatment protocols and participant protection.
Heightened dilemmas about confidentiality and data collection ethics.

Emphasizes establishing trust with clients and acknowledging professional responsibilities to communities and society.
Psychologists must:
- Clarify professional roles and obligations.
- Manage conflicts of interest responsibly.
- Collaborate with other professionals to benefit clients.
Fidelity reflects reliance through relationships, demonstrating promise-keeping and ethical conduct.
Examples of behaviors aligned with Principle B:
- Standards: 1.01 (Misuse of Psychologists’ Work), 1.04 (Informal Resolution of Ethical Violations).
Professionalism as core competency in clinical practices demands adherence to ethical codes and standards.

Definition: Commitment to honesty and truthfulness in psychology practices, including avoiding deceitful behaviors.
- Necessity of clear communication and accurate representation of services is critical to understanding for potential clients.
- Ethical obligations exist to avoid false commitments or representations of facts.
Standards indicating integrity:
- Standards: 5.01 (Avoiding False Statements), 6.04 (Fees and Financial Arrangements).

Lack of explicit guidance on deception within therapy settings compared to research contexts.
Risks to therapeutic alliances through therapist or client deceit.

Fairness and justice mandates accessibility and equal quality of services by psychologists.
- Awareness of biases or prejudices that inhibit equal treatment.
Defined areas of justice include:
- Distributive Justice: Fair access to psychological benefits.
- Procedural Justice: Upholding fair processes across populations.
- Interactional Justice: Fair treatment in interpersonal exchanges.
Standards underpinning justice:
- Standards: 1.08 (Unfair Discrimination Against Complainants), 3.01 (Unfair Discrimination).

Aligning with community and organizational structures to level access to care amidst inequities.
Importance of addressing systemic barriers impacting marginalized populations.

Definition: Respecting individual dignity, worth, and rights of all persons, including their capacity for self-determination.
- Protecting privacy and confidentiality rights.
- Special safeguards for those with vulnerabilities.
Ethical standards promoting this principle:
- Standards: 2.01 (Boundaries of Competence), 9.01 (Bases for Assessments).

Issues regarding clients', patients', or research participants’ biased attitudes or language in therapy contexts raise ethical complexities.
Potential strategies involve self-reflection and engagement to minimize biases affecting therapeutic effectiveness.

Notable virtues cited for ethical conduct in psychology range across areas encouraging lifelong professionalism and commitment to ethical practice.
Commitment encapsulates the emotional responses and moral dispositions aimed at securing ethical practice, reflecting integrity, faithfulness, and responsibility.

Comprehensive steps for ethical decision-making:
- Identification of ethical concerns of relevance.
- Awareness of how ethical principles and standards apply.
- Appraisal of stakeholder perspectives.
- Evaluating alternative solutions and monitoring.

Application of ethical decision-making strategies highlighted with case scenarios stirring ethical confrontations within specific psychological contexts.

Accurate ethical practice in psychology involves recognizing unique practices relevant to specific communities while balancing educational and ethical imperatives. Ethical commitment ensures profound engagement with professional obligations alongside workplace integrity for patient and researcher welfare.