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Introduction to Human Behavior and Victimology

• Importance of building confidence and engaging the audience through visual aids.

• Key takeaway suggestions for effective communication.

Types of Behavior

1. Normal Behavior (Adaptive Behavior)

• Standard behavior accepted by societal norms.

• Characteristics include:

  • Efficient perception of reality

  • Self-knowledge and voluntary control over behavior

  • Self-esteem and acceptance

  • Productivity

  • Affectionate relationships with others

2. Abnormal Behavior (Maladaptive Behavior)

• Behavior deviating from social expectations.

• Group of behaviors that go against societal norms.

Definitions of Abnormal Behavior

1. Statistical Deviation

• Abnormal behavior characterized by statistical rarity (e.g., extreme intelligence).

2. Social Norm Deviation

• Behavior considered abnormal as it violates society's accepted norms.

• Contextually dependent on societal standards.

3. Personal Distress

• Focus on subjective feelings of distress, such as mental illness, depression, insomnia, and loss of interest.

4. Legal Definition

• Abnormal behavior defined legally concerning the individual's inability to distinguish right from wrong or to control behavior.

5. Maladaptive Behavior

• Behavior that negatively affects the individual or social group (e.g., suicidal behavior).

Aspects of Maladaptive Behavior

1. Maladaptive to Oneself

• Inability to achieve personal goals or adapt to life’s demands.

2. Maladaptive to Society

• Behavior that disrupts the functioning of social groups.

Symptoms of Abnormal Behavior

1. Long-Lasting Discomfort

• Persistent feelings of distress over extended periods.

2. Impaired Functioning

• Examples include academically gifted individuals failing classes without clear reasons.

3. Bizarre Behavior

• Confusion, irrational actions, hallucinations, and delusions.

4. Disruptive Behavior

• Impulsive, uncontrollable actions affecting others, associated with severe psychological disorders.

Kinds of Behavior

1. Overt Behavior

• Observable behavior that is outwardly manifested.

2. Covert Behavior

• Hidden behavior, not visible to others.

3. Conscious Behavior

• Actions performed with awareness.

4. Unconscious Behavior

• Actions arising from subconscious processes; done without awareness.

5. Rational Behavior

• Actions taken with sanity or reason.

6. Irrational Behavior

• Actions taken with no apparent reason.

7. Voluntary Behavior

• Acts performed with full will, such as decision-making.

8. Involuntary Behavior

• Bodily processes that occur unconsciously like respiration and digestion.

Johari Window

• Created by Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham in the 1950s to map personality awareness.

Factors Affecting Human Behavior

1. Heredity (Biological Factors)

• Genetic influences including emotional aggression, intelligence, and physical appearance.

2. Environment

• Influences include conditions surrounding an individual; categories:

  • Family Background: Initial experiences with interaction.

  • Childhood Trauma: Events affecting a child’s sense of security.

  • Pathogenic family structures:

    • Inadequate families unable to fulfill needs.

    • Anti-social families influencing children negatively.

    • Discordant families with parent dissatisfaction.

    • Disrupted families due to death/divorce.

  • Institutional Influences: Peer groups, mass media, church, etc.

  • Socio-cultural Factors: War, group prejudice, and economic issues.

  • Nutrition: Diet quality affecting behavior, including crime related to poverty.

3. Learning

• Behavioral changes via experience and practice; continuous adaptation and problem-solving.

Other Determinants of Behavior

1. Needs and Drives

• Needs: Biological requirements essential for well-being.

• Drives: Psychological states prompting action due to biological needs.

Frustration

1. Definition

• An emotional state stemming from goal blockage.

2. External Frustration

• Distress from outward situations obstructing progress.

3. Personal Frustration

• Distress due to inner characteristics hindering goal achievement.

Sources of Frustration

• Physical Obstacles: Natural disasters or unexpected problems.

• Social Circumstances: Restrictions from society or others.

• Personal Shortcomings: Physical or mental handicaps.

• Conflicts Between Motives: Dilemmas leading to divided focus.