Jayden Johnson - Biology - Semester 1 _ Final Exam Study Guide (1)

Biology Semester 1 Review Final Exam Study Guide

Covers Topics: U1 - U3 and lab skills developed this semester Purpose: Study aid, may not cover all materials for the final Use alongside classroom notes, playlists, and worksheets

Unit 1 | The Life of a Cell

• Key Vocabulary: DNA, replication, mitosis, mutation, etc.

• DNA Structure: Double helix, base pairing (A-T, C-G), nucleotide components.

• DNA Replication: Process allowing DNA duplication before cell division.

• Cell Cycle: Phases include Interphase, Mitosis, and check points to maintain division integrity.

• Importance: Cell division for growth and repair. Final output is two identical daughter cells.

Unit 2 | Cell Transport and Homeostasis

• Key Vocabulary: Cell membrane, passive transport, active transport, etc.

• Cell Membrane: Phospholipid bilayer structures and protein functions.

• Transport Types: Passive (without energy) vs. active (requires energy); Diffusion vs. Osmosis.

Unit 3 | Molecules & Organisms | Protein Synthesis

• Key Vocabulary: DNA, mRNA, protein, gene expression, etc.

• Process: Flow of genetic information—transcription (DNA to mRNA) and translation (RNA to protein).

• Differences: DNA vs. RNA in structure and location.

Additional Support

Utilize resources for U1, U2, and U3 for challenging concepts.