Civil Rights Movement Overview

Civil Rights Act 1964: Landmark legislation prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
Civil Rights Act 1968: Expanded anti-discrimination protections in housing and provided further civil rights protections.
Affirmative Action: Policies aiming to increase opportunities for historically marginalized groups.

Key Court Cases and Events

Brown v. Board of Education: Supreme Court decision declaring segregation in public schools unconstitutional.
Montgomery Bus Boycott: A pivotal protest against racial segregation on public transportation.
Sit-Ins: Nonviolent protests where participants occupy a space to demand change, notably at lunch counters.
Civil Disobedience: The active refusal to comply with certain laws as a form of peaceful protest against injustice.

Black Power Movement: A call for racial pride and self-determination among African Americans.
Freedom Riders: Activists who fought against segregation in interstate bus travel.
Watts Riots: Civil unrest in response to racial discrimination and police brutality.
Voting Rights Act 1965: Legislation aimed at eliminating barriers to voting for African Americans.
De Jure vs. De Facto Segregation: De Jure refers to enforced segregation by law; De Facto refers to segregation that occurs in practice.

Freedom Summer: Campaign to increase voter registration among African Americans in Mississippi.
Malcolm X: Leader advocating for black empowerment and rights through more militant means.
Ella Baker: Civil rights activist known for her work with grassroots organizing and her role in SNCC.
Dwight D. Eisenhower: U.S. President during key moments of the civil rights movement.
Stokely Carmichael: Leader known for popularizing the term "Black Power" and advocating for more radical approaches.
24th Amendment: Prohibits poll taxes in federal elections, facilitating voting access.
Black Panthers: Political organization aimed at combating police brutality and advocating for black rights.
March on Washington: Major civil rights demonstration in 1963 highlighting issues of racial inequality.
Selma to Montgomery March: Significant march for voting rights highlighting voter suppression in the South.