THEORY_OF_ARCHITECTURE

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Refresher Reviewer

• Famous Filipino Architects

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Pablo S. Antonio (1901 - 1975)

• Pioneer of modern Philippine architecture.

• Recognized as a prominent modernist architect of his era.

• Awards:

  • 1976: Title of National Artist of the Philippines awarded by President Ferdinand Marcos.

• Dictum:"Buildings should be planned with austerity in mind and its stability forever as the aim of true architecture..."

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Famous Projects of Pablo S. Antonio

• Philippine National Bank

• Manila Railroad Co.

• Bel Air Apartments

• Captain Luis Gonzaga Building

• Far Eastern University (1939)

• Life Theater

• Ideal Theater (1933)

• Galaxy Theater

• Manila Polo Club

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Luis Maria Zaragoza Araneta (Born 1916)

• Son of the first Filipino Secretary of Finance.

• Graduated from the University of Santo Tomas in 1939; career impacted by WWII.

• Involved in the underground movement during the Japanese invasion.

• Held leadership positions in various organizations.

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Famous Projects of Luis Maria Zaragoza Araneta

• Makati Medical Center (1969)

• Santa Catalina College

• Times Theater (1939)

• Manila Doctors Hospital (1956)

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Juan Marcos Arellano y de Guzmán (1888 - 1960)

• Attended Ateneo Municipal de Manila; trained initially in painting.

• Pursued architecture in the U.S.; influenced by Art Deco.

• Retired in 1956, returned to painting and exhibited in 1960.

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Famous Projects of Juan Marcos Arellano

• Manila Central Post Office (1926)

• Legislative Building (1926) (now National Museum of the Philippines)

• Cebu Provincial Capitol (1937)

• Bank of the Philippine Islands Cebu Main

• Jones Bridge (1921)

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Otilio A. Arellano (1916 - 1981)

• Son of Arcadio Arellano and nephew of Juan Arellano.

• Architect during the 50s and 60s; represented PH in international expos.

• Restored the Metropolitan Theater.

• Awards:

  • 1970: Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan

  • 1977: PRC Outstanding Architect of the Year

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Famous Projects of Otilio A. Arellano

• National Bureau of Investigations

• Philippine Pavilion (1964)

• Palacio del Gobernador

• RCBC Building

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Carlos D. Arguelles (Born 1922)

• Graduated in 1939, served in Philippine Army.

• Distinct international architectural style, shaped at UST and MIT.

• Dean of UST College of Architecture and Fine Arts (1954 - 1959).

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Famous Projects of Carlos D. Arguelles

• Aglipayan Church

• International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)

• Philam Life Building (1961)

• Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company

• Philippine National Bank

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Daniel Hudson Burnham (1846 - 1912)

• American architect and urban planner.

• Key figure in the development of the skyscraper.

• Managed the World’s Columbian Exposition (1893).

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Famous Projects of Daniel Hudson Burnham

• Manila Hotel Landscaping

• Philippine General Hospital Landscape

• Burnham Park, Baguio City

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Lorenzo Licad Calma

• Current president/architect & interior designer of LOR CALMA & PARTNERS.

• Studied architecture at Mapua Institute of Technology (1954).

• Pioneer of modern interior design.

• Awards:

  • 2010: Most Outstanding Kapampangan Award in Arts & Architecture

  • 2006: Hall of Fame by Philippine Institute of Interior Design

  • 1998: Founding Member & College of Fellow (PIID)

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Famous Projects of Lorenzo Licad Calma

• Asian Development Bank Interiors

• College of St. Benilde School of Design & Arts Building (April 2007)

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César Concio (1907 - 2003)

• First University Architect of the University of the Philippines.

• Selected by President Roxas in 1947 to study architectural trends.

• Awards:

  • 1964: Philippine Institute of Architects Gold Medal of Merit

  • 1969: Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan Award

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Famous Projects of César Concio

• Baclaran Church

• Church of the Risen Lord

• Insular Life Building

• Melchor Hall - UP Diliman

• Palma Hall – UP Diliman

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William Coscolluela

• Principal architect of W.V. Coscolluela & Associates (established in 1957).

• Involved in various commercial, industrial, mixed-use, residential, educational, and recreational projects.

• Dictum:"More on Vertical Approach."

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Famous Projects of William Coscolluela

• Robinsons Commercial Complex

• 26-Storey Ayala Twin Towers

• The Atrium

• Quezon City Sports Club

• SM City, North Edsa & Cebu

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Cresenciano de Castro

• Studied architecture at the University of Santo Tomas.

• Gained popularity designing suburban houses.

• PNRI building witnessed the first nuclear reaction in the Philippines.

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Famous Projects of Cresenciano de Castro

• Shoemart Buildings in Manila

• Mindanao State University Building

• National Science Development Building Complex

• Colgate Palmolive Philippines, Inc.

• Philippine Science High School

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Gabriel Formoso (1950s - 1960s)

• Noted for his residential designs in Makati.

• Advocated for honesty of conception in architecture.

• Helped design various notable structures.

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Famous Projects of Gabriel Formoso

• Asian Institute of Management (1968)

• Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (1933)

• The Concorde Condominium and Office Building (1976)

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Leandro V. Locsin (1928 - 1994)

• Known for the use of concrete and floating volume designs.

• Awarded National Artist of the Philippines for Architecture (1990).

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Famous Projects of Leandro V. Locsin

• Ayala Museum (old)

• Folk Arts Theater

• Monastery of Transfiguration

• Philippine Center for International Trade Expo

• Cultural Center of the Philippines

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Andres Luna de San Pedro (1886 – 1952)

• Notable painter and architect; son of Juan Luna.

• Chief Architect of Manila (1920-1924).

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Famous Projects of Andres Luna de San Pedro

• Legarda Elementary School

• Manila Hotel (part 1912)

• Crystal Arcade

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Francisco Mañosa

• Advocate for Indigenous Filipino Architecture.

• Founder of Francisco Mañosa & Partners.

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Famous Works of Francisco Mañosa

• Tahanan ng Punlaan (1978)

• Shrine of Our Lady Queen of Peace

• Mary Immaculate Parish Church

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Tomas Mapua (1888 - 1965)

• First registered architect in the Philippines, educated in the U.S.

• Founded the Mapua Institute of Technology.

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Famous Works of Tomas Mapua

• J. Mapua Memorial Hall (Mapua Institute of Technology)

• Librada Avelino Hall (Centro Escolar University)

• Pier 7 (1918)

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Felipe Marcelino Mendoza (1917 - 2000)

• Architect and physical planner, formed an architectural firm in 1951.

• Dictum: "He makes the fullest possible use of natural light & ventilation."

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Famous Projects of Felipe Mendoza

• Philippine Veterans Bank

• Batasang Pambansa (1978)

• Development Academy of the Philippines

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Angel E. Sancho Nakpil (1914 - 1980)

• Eminent architect in Filipino architecture field.

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Famous Projects of Angel E. Sancho Nakpil

• Former Head Office of PLDT

• Lopez Museum Building

• National Press Club (1955)

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Juan Felipe de Jesus Nakpil (1899 - 1986)

• Architect and educator, first president of the Philippine Architects Society.

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Famous Projects of Juan Felipe de Jesus Nakpil

• Architect of the Year several times.

• Notable Works include Commercial Bank & Trust Building, Quezon Hall, U.P. Diliman.

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Fernando Hizon Ocampo (1897 - 2001)

• Filipino architect and civil engineer educating architecture from Ateneo.

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Famous Projects of Fernando Hizon Ocampo

• Church of Our Lady of Most Holy Rosary

• Central Seminary Building, U.S.T. Campus

• Calvo Building (1933)

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Dolly Quimbo Perez (1963 - Present)

• Known as the "Mother of Landscape Architecture in the Philippines."

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Famous Projects of Dolly Quimbo Perez

• Dambana ng Kagitingan

• Taal Vista Lodge

• Meralco Compound Landscape

• Rizal Park Landscape

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Felix Y. Arroyo Sr. (1820 - Present)

• First Filipino architect trained in Europe.

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Famous Projects of Felix Y. Arroyo Sr.

• San Ignacio Church (1889)

• Sto. Domingo Church (1875)

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Roque Ruaño (1877 - 1935)

• Spanish priest and civil engineer known for earthquake-resistant buildings.

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Famous Projects of Roque Ruaño

• Dominican Residences in Baguio City

• UST Main Building

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Ildefonso Paez Santos

• Pioneer in landscape architecture in the Philippines.

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Famous Projects of Ildefonso Paez Santos

• Caliraya Lake Resort

• Eternal Gardens

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Antonio M. Toledo

• One of the first Pensionados for Architecture, influential in the educational field.

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Famous Projects of Antonio M. Toledo

• Philippine Normal School

• UP Padre Faura Campus

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Carlos A. Viola (1912 - 1994)

• Early graduate from UST College of Architecture.

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Famous Projects of Carlos A. Viola

• Iglesia Ni Cristo, Cubao

• Iglesia Ni Cristo Central Office

• Nuestra Senora de Guia

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Alvar Aalto (1898 - 1976)

• Finnish architect and designer influential in various fields.

• Awards: 1957 Royal Gold Medal for Architecture.

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Famous Projects of Alvar Aalto

• Paimio Sanatorium

• Helsinki Auditorium

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Peter Behrens (1868 - 1940)

• German architect influential in modernism.

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Famous Projects of Peter Behrens

• AEG Turbine Factory (1909).

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Marcel Breuer (1902 - 1981)

• Hungarian architect and furniture designer.

• Awards: AIA Gold Medal (1968).

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Famous Projects of Marcel Breuer

• Whitney Museum of American Art.

• St. John's Abbey (1961).

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Felix Candela (1910 - 1997)

• Spanish architect known for thin-shell structures.

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Famous Projects of Felix Candela

• Palacio de los Deportes.

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Buckminster Fuller (1895 - 1983)

• American architect and inventor.

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Famous Projects of Buckminster Fuller

• Geodesic Dome, US Pavilion (1967).

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Antonio Gaudi (1852 - 1926)

• Catalan architect known for modernist architecture.

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Famous Projects of Antoni Gaudi

• Sagrada Familia.

• Casa Batllo.

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Cass Gilbert (1859 - 1934)

• American architect known for numerous iconic buildings.

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Famous Projects of Cass Gilbert

• US Supreme Court,

• Woolworth Building.

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Walter Gropius (1883 - 1969)

• German architect and founder of Bauhaus School.

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Famous Projects of Walter Gropius

• Fagus Factory.

• Harvard Graduate Center.

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Philip Cortelyou Johnson (1906 - 2005)

• Influential American architect known for his contribution to the International Style.

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Famous Projects of Philip Johnson

• Crystal Cathedral.

• AT&T Building.

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Louis Khan (1901 - 1974)

• American architect known for monumental designs.

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Famous Projects of Louis Khan

• Salk Institute.

• Kimbell Art Museum.

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Kusho Korukawa (1934 - 2007)

• Japanese architect known for Metabolist Movement.

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Famous Projects of Kusho Korukawa

• Capsule House.

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Benjamin H. Latrobe (1764 - 1820)

• British neoclassical architect known for U.S. Capitol.

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Famous Projects of Benjamin H. Latrobe

• Pope Villa.

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Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier) (1887 - 1965)

• Pioneer of modern architecture.

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Famous Projects of Le Corbusier

• Villa Savoye.

• Notre Dame du Haut.

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Adolf Loos (1870 - 1933)

• Austrian architect known for modern architecture.

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Famous Projects of Adolf Loos

• Steiner House.

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Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868 - 1928)

• Scottish architect and watercolourist.

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Famous Projects of Charles Rennie Mackintosh

• Hill House.

• Glasgow School of Art.

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Robert Maillart (1872 - 1940)

• Swiss civil engineer known for concrete construction.

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Famous Projects of Robert Maillart

• Schwandbach Bridge.

• Salginatobel Bridge.

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Erich Mendelsohn (1887 - 1953)

• Jewish German architect known for expressionist architecture.

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Famous Projects of Erich Mendelsohn

• Columbushaus.

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Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886 - 1969)

• German-American architect known for modernist architecture.

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Famous Projects of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

• German Pavilion (1929).

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Pier Luigi Nervi (1891 - 1979)

• Italian architect known for innovative use of concrete.

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Famous Projects of Pier Luigi Nervi

• Palazzetto dello Sport.

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Oscar Niemeyer (1907 - 2012)

• Brazilian architect recognized for modern architecture.

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Famous Projects of Oscar Niemeyer

• National Congress Building of Brasília (1964).

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I.M. Pei (Born 1917)

• Chinese-American architect renowned for modern designs.

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Famous Projects of I.M. Pei

• John Hancock Tower (1976).

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Auguste Perret (1874 - 1954)

• French architect specializing in reinforced concrete construction.

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Famous Projects of Auguste Perret

• Hotel de Ville, Le Havre.

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Henry Hobson Richardson (1838 - 1886)

• Prominent American architect known for Richardsonian Romanesque.

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Famous Projects of Henry Hobson Richardson

• Trinity Church.

• Thomas Crane Public Library.

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Paul Rudolph (1918 - 1997)

• American architect known for complex concrete floor plans.

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Famous Projects of Paul Rudolph

• Yale Art and Architecture Building (1963).

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Kenzo Tange (1913 - 2005)

• Japanese architect known for blending traditional and modern designs.

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Famous Projects of Kenzo Tange

• Hiroshima Peace Memorial.

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Louis Kahn (1901 - 1974)

• American architect known for monumental architecture.

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Famous Projects of Louis Kahn

• Salk Institute.

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Richard Meier (Born 1934)

• Contemporary American architect known for modernist works.

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Famous Projects of Richard Meier

• Getty Center (1997).

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Norman Foster (Born 1935)

• British architect known for high-tech architecture.

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Famous Projects of Norman Foster

• 30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin).

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Frank Gehry (Born 1929)

• Notable for deconstructivist architecture.

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Famous Projects of Frank Gehry

• Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.

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Zaha Hadid (1950 - 2016)

• Iraqi-British architect known for fluid and organic forms.

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Famous Projects of Zaha Hadid

• Maxi Museum, Rome.

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Tadao Ando (Born 1941)

• Japanese architect known for modernist concrete designs.

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Famous Projects of Tadao Ando

• Church of the Light.

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Richard Rogers (1933 - 2021)

• British architect known for high-tech architecture.

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Famous Projects of Richard Rogers

• Pompidou Center.

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Annie De Wolf (Born 1990)

• Emerging architect known for sustainable designs.

• Projects: Green Roof Research Center.

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Rem Koolhaas (Born 1944)

• Dutch architect known for innovative design and theory.

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Famous Projects of Rem Koolhaas

• CCTV Headquarters.

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Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureates

• Philip Johnson (1979)

• Luis Barragan (1980)

• James Stirling (1981)

• Kevin Roche (1982)

• I.M. Pei (1983)

• Richard Meier (1984)

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Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureates (Continued)

• Hans Hollein (1985)

• Gottfried Bohm (1986)

• Kenzo Tange (1987)

• Oscar Niemeyer (1988)

• Gordon Bunshaft (1988)

• Frank Gehry (1989)

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Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureates (Continued)

• Aldo Rossi (1990)

• Robert Venturi (1991)

• Alvaro Siza (1992)

• Fumihiko Maki (1993)

• Christian de Portzamparc (1994)

• Tadao Ando (1995)

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Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureates (Continued)

• Rafael Moneo (1996)

• Sverre Fehn (1997)

• Renzo Piano (1998)

• Norman Foster (1999)

• Rem Koolhaas (2000)

• Herzog & de Meuron (2001)

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Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureates (Continued)

• Glenn Murcutt (2002)

• Jørn Utzon (2003)

• Zaha Hadid (2004)

• Thom Mayne (2005)

• Paulo Mendes da Rocha (2006)

• Richard Rogers (2007)

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Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureates (Continued)

• Jean Nouvel (2008)

• Peter Zumthor (2009)

• Kazuyo Sejima & Ryue Nishizawa (2010)

• Eduardo Souto de Moura (2011)

• Wang Shu (2012)

• Toyo Ito (2013)

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World's Tallest Buildings

• Burj Khalifa: 830 m

• Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel - Mecca.

• Taipei 101: 508 m.

• Shanghai World Financial Center.

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Summary of Foreign Architects’ Philosophies & Famous Works

1. Alvar Aalto (1898 – 1976)

   • Architecture must create buildings conceived as total artistic expression.

   • Famous works: Paimio Sanatorium.

2. Peter Behrens (1868 – 1940)

   • Change is needed, outsiders can provide freshness of vision.

   • Famous works: AEG Turbine Factory.

3. Marcel Breuer (1902)

   • Buildings should have studied geometrical lines.

   • Famous works: Whitney Museum.

4. Felix Candela (1910)

   • Known for thin-shell structures.

   • Famous works: Palacio de los Deportes.

5. Buckminster Fuller (1895)

   • Invented the Geodesic Dome.

   • Famous works: US Pavilion.

6. Antonio Gaudi (1852)

   • Function has a variety of forms; utilizes curved lines.

   • Famous works: Sagrada Familia.

7. Cass Gilbert (1859)

   • Advocated for historical styles in monumental architecture.

   • Famous works: Woolworth Building.

8. Walter Gropius (1883 – 1969)

   • Promoted unity between art and architecture.

   • Famous works: Bauhaus Building.

9. Philip Cortelyou Johnson (1906)

   • Inventor of the term International Style.

   • Famous works: AT&T Building.

10. Louis Kahn (1901)

• Architecture should reflect the imagination.

• Famous works: Salk Institute.

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Summary of Foreign Architects’ Philosophies Continues

11. Kusho Korukawa (1934)

    • Architecture should accommodate growth and change.

12. Benjamin H. Latrobe (1764)

    • A building combines different geometric figures.

13. Le Corbusier (1887)

    • The house is a machine for living.

14. Adolf Loos (1870)

    • Ornament equals crime.

15. Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868)

    • Advocate of British Art Nouveau.

16. Robert Maillart (1872)

    • Introduced innovative concrete design.

17. Erich Mendelsohn (1887)

    • Architecture is the spatial itself.

18. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886)

    • Believed in the motto "Less is more."

19. Pier Luigi Nervi (1891)

    • Quantity of space is essential.

20. Oscar Niemeyer (1907)

    • Emphasis on curves in architecture.

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Final Summary of Key Highlights

• Importance of design principles in architecture, integrating functionality and aesthetics.

• Relationship between historical context and modern design.

• Famous architects and their impactful philosophies and works are instrumental in shaping the architectural landscape both locally and internationally.

Note:

• Focus on specific architects and their philosophies or notable projects during revision.