THEORY_OF_ARCHITECTURE
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Refresher Reviewer
Famous Filipino Architects
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Pablo S. Antonio (1901 - 1975)
Pioneer of modern Philippine architecture.
Recognized as a prominent modernist architect of his era.
Awards:
1976: Title of National Artist of the Philippines awarded by President Ferdinand Marcos.
Dictum:"Buildings should be planned with austerity in mind and its stability forever as the aim of true architecture..."
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Famous Projects of Pablo S. Antonio
Philippine National Bank
Manila Railroad Co.
Bel Air Apartments
Captain Luis Gonzaga Building
Far Eastern University (1939)
Life Theater
Ideal Theater (1933)
Galaxy Theater
Manila Polo Club
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Luis Maria Zaragoza Araneta (Born 1916)
Son of the first Filipino Secretary of Finance.
Graduated from the University of Santo Tomas in 1939; career impacted by WWII.
Involved in the underground movement during the Japanese invasion.
Held leadership positions in various organizations.
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Famous Projects of Luis Maria Zaragoza Araneta
Makati Medical Center (1969)
Santa Catalina College
Times Theater (1939)
Manila Doctors Hospital (1956)
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Juan Marcos Arellano y de Guzmán (1888 - 1960)
Attended Ateneo Municipal de Manila; trained initially in painting.
Pursued architecture in the U.S.; influenced by Art Deco.
Retired in 1956, returned to painting and exhibited in 1960.
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Famous Projects of Juan Marcos Arellano
Manila Central Post Office (1926)
Legislative Building (1926) (now National Museum of the Philippines)
Cebu Provincial Capitol (1937)
Bank of the Philippine Islands Cebu Main
Jones Bridge (1921)
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Otilio A. Arellano (1916 - 1981)
Son of Arcadio Arellano and nephew of Juan Arellano.
Architect during the 50s and 60s; represented PH in international expos.
Restored the Metropolitan Theater.
Awards:
1970: Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan
1977: PRC Outstanding Architect of the Year
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Famous Projects of Otilio A. Arellano
National Bureau of Investigations
Philippine Pavilion (1964)
Palacio del Gobernador
RCBC Building
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Carlos D. Arguelles (Born 1922)
Graduated in 1939, served in Philippine Army.
Distinct international architectural style, shaped at UST and MIT.
Dean of UST College of Architecture and Fine Arts (1954 - 1959).
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Famous Projects of Carlos D. Arguelles
Aglipayan Church
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
Philam Life Building (1961)
Metropolitan Bank and Trust Company
Philippine National Bank
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Daniel Hudson Burnham (1846 - 1912)
American architect and urban planner.
Key figure in the development of the skyscraper.
Managed the World’s Columbian Exposition (1893).
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Famous Projects of Daniel Hudson Burnham
Manila Hotel Landscaping
Philippine General Hospital Landscape
Burnham Park, Baguio City
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Lorenzo Licad Calma
Current president/architect & interior designer of LOR CALMA & PARTNERS.
Studied architecture at Mapua Institute of Technology (1954).
Pioneer of modern interior design.
Awards:
2010: Most Outstanding Kapampangan Award in Arts & Architecture
2006: Hall of Fame by Philippine Institute of Interior Design
1998: Founding Member & College of Fellow (PIID)
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Famous Projects of Lorenzo Licad Calma
Asian Development Bank Interiors
College of St. Benilde School of Design & Arts Building (April 2007)
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César Concio (1907 - 2003)
First University Architect of the University of the Philippines.
Selected by President Roxas in 1947 to study architectural trends.
Awards:
1964: Philippine Institute of Architects Gold Medal of Merit
1969: Patnubay ng Sining at Kalinangan Award
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Famous Projects of César Concio
Baclaran Church
Church of the Risen Lord
Insular Life Building
Melchor Hall - UP Diliman
Palma Hall – UP Diliman
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William Coscolluela
Principal architect of W.V. Coscolluela & Associates (established in 1957).
Involved in various commercial, industrial, mixed-use, residential, educational, and recreational projects.
Dictum:"More on Vertical Approach."
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Famous Projects of William Coscolluela
Robinsons Commercial Complex
26-Storey Ayala Twin Towers
The Atrium
Quezon City Sports Club
SM City, North Edsa & Cebu
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Cresenciano de Castro
Studied architecture at the University of Santo Tomas.
Gained popularity designing suburban houses.
PNRI building witnessed the first nuclear reaction in the Philippines.
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Famous Projects of Cresenciano de Castro
Shoemart Buildings in Manila
Mindanao State University Building
National Science Development Building Complex
Colgate Palmolive Philippines, Inc.
Philippine Science High School
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Gabriel Formoso (1950s - 1960s)
Noted for his residential designs in Makati.
Advocated for honesty of conception in architecture.
Helped design various notable structures.
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Famous Projects of Gabriel Formoso
Asian Institute of Management (1968)
Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (1933)
The Concorde Condominium and Office Building (1976)
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Leandro V. Locsin (1928 - 1994)
Known for the use of concrete and floating volume designs.
Awarded National Artist of the Philippines for Architecture (1990).
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Famous Projects of Leandro V. Locsin
Ayala Museum (old)
Folk Arts Theater
Monastery of Transfiguration
Philippine Center for International Trade Expo
Cultural Center of the Philippines
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Andres Luna de San Pedro (1886 – 1952)
Notable painter and architect; son of Juan Luna.
Chief Architect of Manila (1920-1924).
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Famous Projects of Andres Luna de San Pedro
Legarda Elementary School
Manila Hotel (part 1912)
Crystal Arcade
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Francisco Mañosa
Advocate for Indigenous Filipino Architecture.
Founder of Francisco Mañosa & Partners.
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Famous Works of Francisco Mañosa
Tahanan ng Punlaan (1978)
Shrine of Our Lady Queen of Peace
Mary Immaculate Parish Church
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Tomas Mapua (1888 - 1965)
First registered architect in the Philippines, educated in the U.S.
Founded the Mapua Institute of Technology.
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Famous Works of Tomas Mapua
J. Mapua Memorial Hall (Mapua Institute of Technology)
Librada Avelino Hall (Centro Escolar University)
Pier 7 (1918)
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Felipe Marcelino Mendoza (1917 - 2000)
Architect and physical planner, formed an architectural firm in 1951.
Dictum: "He makes the fullest possible use of natural light & ventilation."
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Famous Projects of Felipe Mendoza
Philippine Veterans Bank
Batasang Pambansa (1978)
Development Academy of the Philippines
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Angel E. Sancho Nakpil (1914 - 1980)
Eminent architect in Filipino architecture field.
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Famous Projects of Angel E. Sancho Nakpil
Former Head Office of PLDT
Lopez Museum Building
National Press Club (1955)
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Juan Felipe de Jesus Nakpil (1899 - 1986)
Architect and educator, first president of the Philippine Architects Society.
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Famous Projects of Juan Felipe de Jesus Nakpil
Architect of the Year several times.
Notable Works include Commercial Bank & Trust Building, Quezon Hall, U.P. Diliman.
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Fernando Hizon Ocampo (1897 - 2001)
Filipino architect and civil engineer educating architecture from Ateneo.
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Famous Projects of Fernando Hizon Ocampo
Church of Our Lady of Most Holy Rosary
Central Seminary Building, U.S.T. Campus
Calvo Building (1933)
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Dolly Quimbo Perez (1963 - Present)
Known as the "Mother of Landscape Architecture in the Philippines."
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Famous Projects of Dolly Quimbo Perez
Dambana ng Kagitingan
Taal Vista Lodge
Meralco Compound Landscape
Rizal Park Landscape
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Felix Y. Arroyo Sr. (1820 - Present)
First Filipino architect trained in Europe.
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Famous Projects of Felix Y. Arroyo Sr.
San Ignacio Church (1889)
Sto. Domingo Church (1875)
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Roque Ruaño (1877 - 1935)
Spanish priest and civil engineer known for earthquake-resistant buildings.
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Famous Projects of Roque Ruaño
Dominican Residences in Baguio City
UST Main Building
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Ildefonso Paez Santos
Pioneer in landscape architecture in the Philippines.
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Famous Projects of Ildefonso Paez Santos
Caliraya Lake Resort
Eternal Gardens
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Antonio M. Toledo
One of the first Pensionados for Architecture, influential in the educational field.
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Famous Projects of Antonio M. Toledo
Philippine Normal School
UP Padre Faura Campus
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Carlos A. Viola (1912 - 1994)
Early graduate from UST College of Architecture.
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Famous Projects of Carlos A. Viola
Iglesia Ni Cristo, Cubao
Iglesia Ni Cristo Central Office
Nuestra Senora de Guia
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Alvar Aalto (1898 - 1976)
Finnish architect and designer influential in various fields.
Awards: 1957 Royal Gold Medal for Architecture.
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Famous Projects of Alvar Aalto
Paimio Sanatorium
Helsinki Auditorium
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Peter Behrens (1868 - 1940)
German architect influential in modernism.
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Famous Projects of Peter Behrens
AEG Turbine Factory (1909).
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Marcel Breuer (1902 - 1981)
Hungarian architect and furniture designer.
Awards: AIA Gold Medal (1968).
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Famous Projects of Marcel Breuer
Whitney Museum of American Art.
St. John's Abbey (1961).
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Felix Candela (1910 - 1997)
Spanish architect known for thin-shell structures.
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Famous Projects of Felix Candela
Palacio de los Deportes.
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Buckminster Fuller (1895 - 1983)
American architect and inventor.
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Famous Projects of Buckminster Fuller
Geodesic Dome, US Pavilion (1967).
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Antonio Gaudi (1852 - 1926)
Catalan architect known for modernist architecture.
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Famous Projects of Antoni Gaudi
Sagrada Familia.
Casa Batllo.
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Cass Gilbert (1859 - 1934)
American architect known for numerous iconic buildings.
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Famous Projects of Cass Gilbert
US Supreme Court,
Woolworth Building.
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Walter Gropius (1883 - 1969)
German architect and founder of Bauhaus School.
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Famous Projects of Walter Gropius
Fagus Factory.
Harvard Graduate Center.
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Philip Cortelyou Johnson (1906 - 2005)
Influential American architect known for his contribution to the International Style.
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Famous Projects of Philip Johnson
Crystal Cathedral.
AT&T Building.
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Louis Khan (1901 - 1974)
American architect known for monumental designs.
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Famous Projects of Louis Khan
Salk Institute.
Kimbell Art Museum.
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Kusho Korukawa (1934 - 2007)
Japanese architect known for Metabolist Movement.
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Famous Projects of Kusho Korukawa
Capsule House.
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Benjamin H. Latrobe (1764 - 1820)
British neoclassical architect known for U.S. Capitol.
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Famous Projects of Benjamin H. Latrobe
Pope Villa.
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Charles-Édouard Jeanneret (Le Corbusier) (1887 - 1965)
Pioneer of modern architecture.
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Famous Projects of Le Corbusier
Villa Savoye.
Notre Dame du Haut.
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Adolf Loos (1870 - 1933)
Austrian architect known for modern architecture.
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Famous Projects of Adolf Loos
Steiner House.
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Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868 - 1928)
Scottish architect and watercolourist.
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Famous Projects of Charles Rennie Mackintosh
Hill House.
Glasgow School of Art.
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Robert Maillart (1872 - 1940)
Swiss civil engineer known for concrete construction.
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Famous Projects of Robert Maillart
Schwandbach Bridge.
Salginatobel Bridge.
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Erich Mendelsohn (1887 - 1953)
Jewish German architect known for expressionist architecture.
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Famous Projects of Erich Mendelsohn
Columbushaus.
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Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886 - 1969)
German-American architect known for modernist architecture.
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Famous Projects of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
German Pavilion (1929).
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Pier Luigi Nervi (1891 - 1979)
Italian architect known for innovative use of concrete.
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Famous Projects of Pier Luigi Nervi
Palazzetto dello Sport.
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Oscar Niemeyer (1907 - 2012)
Brazilian architect recognized for modern architecture.
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Famous Projects of Oscar Niemeyer
National Congress Building of Brasília (1964).
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I.M. Pei (Born 1917)
Chinese-American architect renowned for modern designs.
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Famous Projects of I.M. Pei
John Hancock Tower (1976).
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Auguste Perret (1874 - 1954)
French architect specializing in reinforced concrete construction.
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Famous Projects of Auguste Perret
Hotel de Ville, Le Havre.
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Henry Hobson Richardson (1838 - 1886)
Prominent American architect known for Richardsonian Romanesque.
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Famous Projects of Henry Hobson Richardson
Trinity Church.
Thomas Crane Public Library.
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Paul Rudolph (1918 - 1997)
American architect known for complex concrete floor plans.
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Famous Projects of Paul Rudolph
Yale Art and Architecture Building (1963).
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Kenzo Tange (1913 - 2005)
Japanese architect known for blending traditional and modern designs.
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Famous Projects of Kenzo Tange
Hiroshima Peace Memorial.
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Louis Kahn (1901 - 1974)
American architect known for monumental architecture.
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Famous Projects of Louis Kahn
Salk Institute.
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Richard Meier (Born 1934)
Contemporary American architect known for modernist works.
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Famous Projects of Richard Meier
Getty Center (1997).
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Norman Foster (Born 1935)
British architect known for high-tech architecture.
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Famous Projects of Norman Foster
30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin).
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Frank Gehry (Born 1929)
Notable for deconstructivist architecture.
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Famous Projects of Frank Gehry
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao.
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Zaha Hadid (1950 - 2016)
Iraqi-British architect known for fluid and organic forms.
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Famous Projects of Zaha Hadid
Maxi Museum, Rome.
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Tadao Ando (Born 1941)
Japanese architect known for modernist concrete designs.
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Famous Projects of Tadao Ando
Church of the Light.
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Richard Rogers (1933 - 2021)
British architect known for high-tech architecture.
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Famous Projects of Richard Rogers
Pompidou Center.
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Annie De Wolf (Born 1990)
Emerging architect known for sustainable designs.
Projects: Green Roof Research Center.
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Rem Koolhaas (Born 1944)
Dutch architect known for innovative design and theory.
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Famous Projects of Rem Koolhaas
CCTV Headquarters.
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Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureates
Philip Johnson (1979)
Luis Barragan (1980)
James Stirling (1981)
Kevin Roche (1982)
I.M. Pei (1983)
Richard Meier (1984)
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Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureates (Continued)
Hans Hollein (1985)
Gottfried Bohm (1986)
Kenzo Tange (1987)
Oscar Niemeyer (1988)
Gordon Bunshaft (1988)
Frank Gehry (1989)
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Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureates (Continued)
Aldo Rossi (1990)
Robert Venturi (1991)
Alvaro Siza (1992)
Fumihiko Maki (1993)
Christian de Portzamparc (1994)
Tadao Ando (1995)
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Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureates (Continued)
Rafael Moneo (1996)
Sverre Fehn (1997)
Renzo Piano (1998)
Norman Foster (1999)
Rem Koolhaas (2000)
Herzog & de Meuron (2001)
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Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureates (Continued)
Glenn Murcutt (2002)
Jørn Utzon (2003)
Zaha Hadid (2004)
Thom Mayne (2005)
Paulo Mendes da Rocha (2006)
Richard Rogers (2007)
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Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureates (Continued)
Jean Nouvel (2008)
Peter Zumthor (2009)
Kazuyo Sejima & Ryue Nishizawa (2010)
Eduardo Souto de Moura (2011)
Wang Shu (2012)
Toyo Ito (2013)
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World's Tallest Buildings
Burj Khalifa: 830 m
Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel - Mecca.
Taipei 101: 508 m.
Shanghai World Financial Center.
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Summary of Foreign Architects’ Philosophies & Famous Works
Alvar Aalto (1898 – 1976)
Architecture must create buildings conceived as total artistic expression.
Famous works: Paimio Sanatorium.
Peter Behrens (1868 – 1940)
Change is needed, outsiders can provide freshness of vision.
Famous works: AEG Turbine Factory.
Marcel Breuer (1902)
Buildings should have studied geometrical lines.
Famous works: Whitney Museum.
Felix Candela (1910)
Known for thin-shell structures.
Famous works: Palacio de los Deportes.
Buckminster Fuller (1895)
Invented the Geodesic Dome.
Famous works: US Pavilion.
Antonio Gaudi (1852)
Function has a variety of forms; utilizes curved lines.
Famous works: Sagrada Familia.
Cass Gilbert (1859)
Advocated for historical styles in monumental architecture.
Famous works: Woolworth Building.
Walter Gropius (1883 – 1969)
Promoted unity between art and architecture.
Famous works: Bauhaus Building.
Philip Cortelyou Johnson (1906)
Inventor of the term International Style.
Famous works: AT&T Building.
Louis Kahn (1901)
Architecture should reflect the imagination.
Famous works: Salk Institute.
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Summary of Foreign Architects’ Philosophies Continues
Kusho Korukawa (1934)
Architecture should accommodate growth and change.
Benjamin H. Latrobe (1764)
A building combines different geometric figures.
Le Corbusier (1887)
The house is a machine for living.
Adolf Loos (1870)
Ornament equals crime.
Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868)
Advocate of British Art Nouveau.
Robert Maillart (1872)
Introduced innovative concrete design.
Erich Mendelsohn (1887)
Architecture is the spatial itself.
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1886)
Believed in the motto "Less is more."
Pier Luigi Nervi (1891)
Quantity of space is essential.
Oscar Niemeyer (1907)
Emphasis on curves in architecture.
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Final Summary of Key Highlights
Importance of design principles in architecture, integrating functionality and aesthetics.
Relationship between historical context and modern design.
Famous architects and their impactful philosophies and works are instrumental in shaping the architectural landscape both locally and internationally.
Note:
Focus on specific architects and their philosophies or notable projects during revision.