civil war
emancipation proclamation:
Said all slaves in southern states that succeed are freed to
Punish states that succeed
Prevent other states that were thinking of succeeding to not
Plan for slaves: put in boat and ship to caribbean island
Did not want to free slaves, only punished southern states.
Start of war 1861
Lincoln asked for volunteers to help preserve the Union
More volunteered than could be equipped
More southern states left the Union to join the Confederacy
Virginia
Arkansas
North Carolina
Tennessee
Introduction of conscription - men drafted for military service
First shots of war by confederates fired at Fort Sumter in South Carolina to get the Union out of the fort. Started the war.
People watched the Battle of Bull Run because they believed the American army would win.
The south
Strong military tradition
Fer economic opportunities
Family- strong military tradition
More people in army in south than north because not many economic options in the south
Had rage: motivation to fight
North: fighting to maintain what they have but South: fighting to make new country
Best general in u.s- Robert E. Lee
Asked by lincoln to serve union leader but declined
Went to westpoint university
Brothers in virginia militia and joined confederacy because of it
Strategies
Hold out against enemy attacks- wait for them to come
Take advantage of familiar terrain and local support
South disadvantages
Destruction from war located in the south
Extensive coastline- alot to protect
Smaller population (⅓ of the population was slaves)
Difficulty getting troops, supplies, money
North:
Strategies
Blokade- block south ports and ruin economy, can't get weapons, fabrics uniforms from great britain
Control Mississippi river- move food, supplies, and troops through it
Which two battles helped control the Mississippi river for the union? Battle of new orleans and vicksburg
Split south into thirds
Captures Confederate capital city of Richmond VA
Goal to Keep europe out
Advantages
More resources
Troops
$- banks
Railroads
Factories
Minerals
Grains
Meat
Bigger Population
Southern desire for european help
British+french sympathetic to southern being independent
South expected british to help protect the south cotton
Battles in the East
McDowell replaced by McClellan
North named battles after nearest body of water
South named battles after nearest town
Telegraph is abraham lincoln's fastest way of communication
Battle of Bull Run/Battle of Manassas: confederates hid in the woods and purposely placed fewer lines of troops than Union but they kept coming and Union retreated. Irwin Mcdowell replaced by Mcullen after the loss of battle. The Confederates did not pursue McDowell back to dc.
Battle of Ironclads/ Virginia and Monitor, Merrimac and Monitor, Battle of Hampton Roads:
union had to make own ironclad ship and were more capable
Battle of Antietam:
Lee plans attack on washington dc
Spies let McClellan discovers Lee’s plan
McClellan attacks Lee at Antietam Creek Maryland and surprise attack
Bloodiest day of war
Lee retreats
McClellan's army was too damaged to pursue Lee to Richmond and end the war.
What are the congruences between the battle of bull run and battle of antietam? In both cases the winning general’s army did not pursue the losing side back to their capitals and possibly ended the war early. (made war longer)
Battle of Gettysburg:
Prior:
Confederate victory and Chancersoville
Encouraged Lee to head north into Pennsylvania
Followed by Union under Meade
Turning point
Lee retreats
Gave union confidence because they thought they would loose but won
Gettysburg Address
Honored soldiers
Dedicated cemetery
Lincoln promised, “these dead shall not have died in vain.” meaning these are people who saved america
Says this moment in american history is as important as when we got our independence
Battle of New Orleans
Mississippi river very crucial to war
David farragut was flag office is in charge of taking the mouth of mississippi river and New Orleans by ship
Attacked at night but moon rose
Battle ensued
20 of 24 ships made it through
New Orleans surrenders
Battle of shiloh
Battle on tennessee-mississippi border
Union forces under Grant were surprised by General Johnston
General Johnston Killed and Union won battle
Vicksburg
Grant marches army 180 miles in 17 days (was able to convince soldiers to do this)
Attack on Vicksburg
Vicksburg surrenders
Cut off food supply to the South by controlling Mississippi River
Previously taken the mouth
Chattanooga
Confederate General Bragg defeats General William Rosecrans in Georgia at battle of Chickamauga (previous knowledge at battle of chickamauga) (Georgia)
Rosecrans retreats to Chattanooga (because of lost)
Confederates attack in Chattanooga
Grant arrives and saves Union forces with reinforcements (came over 400 miles)
Final Mission
Four States remained to be subdued
Georgia
South Carolina
North Carolina
Virginia
Lincoln’s orders
Command of West to General William T. Sherman
General Ulysses S. Grant - crush General Robert E. Lee
Sent orders with telegraphs through telegraphs pole and took no time using morse code (huge advantage to north communication)
Grant pushes for Union Victory
Advantages
Larger population
Greater industrial capacity
Strategies
Destroy, not just defeat, Confederate Armies
Engage in “total war” against
Armies
Civilians
Resources
Grant in the East
Battle of Wilderness
Lee stopped Grant in a forest
Fighting so intense - woods caught fire
Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor
Grant kept advancing despite defeat
Attacked Lee
Massive Union Casualties
Grant surrounds Richmond
Lee attempts to surround Washington, D.C.
Lee forced from D.C. area by Sheridan who created a barren wasteland
Sheridan destroyed everything in D.C and cleared everything so Union troops can see when confederates were coming
Sherman’s March
Sherman captures Atlanta, Georgia
Orders city evacuated and destroyed
Slash and burn technique
Forage of southern land
Planned to link up with Grant in Richmond
Atlanta was only industrial city in south but then it was gone