Urine Repro
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Which enzyme helps regulate blood pressure? - Renin
Which organs (in urinary system) make urine? - Kidneys
The kidney is covered by an outer covering called the: - Renal capsule
The kidney is surrounded by a capsule of fat that holds it in place, called the: - Perirenal fat capsule
The renal cortex houses which urine producing structures? - Nephrons
The renal medulla houses which urine carrying structures? - Renal pyramids and collecting ducts
Extensions of the renal pelvis are called: - Calyces
The name of the vessel that supplies the kidneys with their blood supply is the: - Renal artery
The name of the vessel that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the: - Ureter
The knot of capillaries in a nephron is called: - Glomerulus
What area of the renal tubule surrounds the glomerulus? - Bowman's capsule
What area of the nephron is responsible for filtration? - Glomerulus
Name the 3 lengths of the renal tubule, starting after the Bowman’s capsule: - Proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle, Distal convoluted tubule
Which area is mainly responsible for the reabsorption and secretory functions of urine production? - Proximal convoluted tubule
Name the 3 stages of urine production: - Filtration, reabsorption, secretion
The removal of substances from the blood due to diffusion and high pressure is: - Filtration
Returning water & other needed substances from the waste to the renal tubule is: - Reabsorption
Substances that need active transport to leave the blood system & enter the urine stream occur in: - Secretion
The pituitary releases which hormone to regulate water loss? - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Renin is an enzyme that causes the adrenals to produce which hormone to control blood volume? - Aldosterone
What is the act of emptying the urinary bladder called? - Micturition
What is the thin-walled tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body? - Urethra
What describes the space from each ureter orifice to each other and the urethral orifice? - Trigone
What is the average amount of urine produced per day? - 1 to 1.5 liters
Approximately how many minutes does it take to clean your entire blood? - 4-5 minutes
Why is the right kidney lower than the left? - Because of the liver
What is the name of the arteriole leading into the glomerulus? - Afferent arteriole
What type of infections do females suffer from much more than men? - Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Repeated infections to the kidney, physical trauma, chemical poisoning, or inadequate blood supply can cause: - Kidney damage or failure
When one experiences uremia (renal failure), they are hooked up to a __________ for treatment. - Dialysis machine
The inability to control the voluntary external sphincter due to age (<2) or due to a tipped uterus is: - Incontinence
What besides urine is a way the body outputs fluids throughout a day? - Sweat, breath, feces
What are the main reproductive organs of the male anatomy (gonads)? - Testes
The testes produce which 2 things? - Sperm and testosterone
Why is it that sperm cannot be produced in the body cavity? - Because the temperature is too high
What structures in the testes actually produce sperm? - Seminiferous tubules
What structures in the testes produce the testosterone? - Leydig cells (interstitial cells)
What is the comma-shaped organ that curves around the testes & matures sperm called? - Epididymis
What is the technical term for the sperm production? - Spermatogenesis
What is the name of the “helmet” on a sperm? - Acrosome
Deepening of the voice, increased hair growth & enlargement of skeletal muscles are all _____. - Secondary sexual characteristics
What structure runs upward from the epididymis & over the urinary bladder? - Ductus deferens (vas deferens)
The end of the ductus deferens empties into the ________. - Ejaculatory duct
Which part of the urethra is surrounded by the prostate gland? - Prostatic urethra
What is the name given to the milky, sticky mixture of sperm & accessory gland secretions? - Semen
Which glands produce about 60% of the fluid volume of semen & is rich in sugar and Vitamin C? - Seminal vesicles
Which gland secretes a milky, alkaline fluid that helps to buffer the acid of the vagina? - Prostate gland
What is another name for the bulbourethral gland? - Cowper’s gland
What are the tiny, pea-sized glands that produce a thick, clear mucus that cleans the urethra? - Bulbourethral glands
The testes of the male are enclosed in the: - Scrotum
(Continued in next response due to length)
The ductus deferens (along with blood vessels and nerves) are enclosed in the: - Spermatic cord
The organ that is designed to deliver sperm into the female tract is called the: - Penis
The tip of the penis is called the: - Glans penis
Another name for the foreskin of the penis is: - Prepuce
The procedure in which the foreskin is removed is: - Circumcision
The 3 areas of spongy tissue that become engorged with blood during sexual excitement are: - Corpora cavernosa (2) and corpus spongiosum
What organ shares jobs from the urinary and reproductive systems in males? - Urethra
How long does it take to make the average male spermatid? - 64-72 days
What organ of a male pig has the job of guiding the testes down into the scrotal sac? - Gubernaculum
What is the name of the canal that connects the body cavity to the scrotal sac? - Inguinal canal
What are the primary female reproductive organs? - Ovaries
What 3 things do the ovaries produce? - Eggs, estrogen, progesterone
The capsule in which an egg matures is called a: - Follicle
An immature egg is called an: - Oocyte
The process of a woman releasing an egg around day 14 is called: - Ovulation
What specifically in an ovary produces the estrogen? - Maturing follicle (Graafian follicle)
What specifically in an ovary produces progesterone? - Corpus luteum
Which hormone causes the secondary sexual characteristics in a woman? - Estrogen
A ruptured follicle turns into the: - Corpus luteum
What structures create a current to receive an ovulated egg? - Fimbriae of the fallopian tubes
In which structure should fertilization occur? - Fallopian tube
Name the 3 parts of the uterus: - Fundus, body, cervix
Name the 3 layers of the uterus: - Endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium
Which layer of the uterus wall is sloughed off in the menstrual cycle? - Endometrium
Which layer of the uterus is mainly muscular? - Myometrium
What is the female organ that receives and nourishes a fertilized egg? - Uterus
How long is the average vagina? - 3-4 inches (7.5-10 cm)
How long are each fallopian tube? - 4 inches (10 cm)
What type of cancer in females is diagnosed by a yearly pap smear? - Cervical cancer
What type of cancer in females is hard to detect & can be fatal? - Ovarian cancer
What type of cancer is diagnosed by excessive bleeding? - Uterine cancer
What is another name for the “birth canal”? - Vagina
What structure partially closes the vagina in a young girl? - Hymen
What are the female skin folds of the external genitalia in females called? - Labia majora and labia minora
What is another name for the external genitalia of a woman enclosed by the labia? - Vulva
Which female structure is analogous to the male penis? - Clitoris
What structure must dilate before birth can occur? - Cervix
What is the pigmented area on a female mammary gland called? - Areola
What are the cyclic changes that the endometrium of the uterus go through each month called? - Menstrual cycle
During which stage of the menstrual cycle does estrogen cause the endometrium to rebuild itself? - Proliferative phase
In which stage does progesterone take over & the endometrium secretes hormones from glands? - Secretory phase
What glands in the female produce a mucus that acts as a lubricant for intercourse? - Bartholin's glands (greater vestibular glands)
How long does an average spermatid live in the female body? - 48-72 hours
How long does an average mature egg secrete the locating hormone and remain viable? - 12-24 hours
How long can a “super sperm” live in a female body? - Up to 5 days
When the genetic material from the egg and sperm meet, ___________ occurs. - Fertilization
What is a fertilized egg called? - Zygote
What is the name of the hollow ball of cells (100)? - Blastocyst
When 3 germ layers arise, the process is called: - Gastrulation
What are the projections of the chorion that meet the uterus to form a placenta? - Chorionic villi
What structure connects the placenta to the fetus? - Umbilical cord
What is the fluid-filled sac that surrounds the fetus called? - Amniotic sac
Which vessel from the umbilical cord brings nutrients, etc., to the fetus? - Umbilical vein
From the 9th week on, an embryo is called a: - Fetus
In which section of the uterus is implantation desirable? - Upper part of the uterus
Which hormone causes the pelvic ligaments & pubic symphysis to relax and loosen? - Relaxin
Substances that cause severe implications or defects are: - Teratogens
The series of events that accompany birth are called: - Labor
Name the 3 stages of labor: - Dilation, expulsion, placental
In which stage of labor is the afterbirth expelled? - Placental stage
What is secreted by the placenta (or found in semen) that can trigger labor? - Prostaglandins
What is the first period called? - Menarche
What is the process of the ovaries shutting down called? - Menopause
When do the male and female reproductive systems “awaken”? - Puberty
Name 3 common pregnancy gastrointestinal problems: - Heartburn, nausea, constipation