Respiratory

Pulmonary Ventilation the exchange of air between the atmosphere and the air sacs of the lungs, known as alveoli, where oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is expelled from the body.

External gas exchange exchange of gases between the blood and alveoli

Internal gas exchange exchange of gases between the blood and the cells

Cellular Respiration is when the cells take in oxygen and use it in the breakdown of nutrients

Pharynx = throat which is broken down into Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx (NOL)

    carries air into the respiratory tract and carries foods and liquids into the digestive system

Larynx = voice box; vocal folds found here

    connects pharynx with the trachea

Trachea= windpipe

    conducts air between the larynx and the lungs

Each mainstream bronchus enters the lung at the hilum and immediately subdivide

Diaphragm muscle under the lungs that flatten during inhalation

Pleura- serous membrane that lines the chest cavity and covers the lungs; composed of epithelial layer

    Parietal pleura is attached to the chest wall

    Visceral pleura is attached to the lung surface

Sinusitis is the swelling or inflammation of the tissue lining your sinuses

Epistaxis = nosebleed

Hay fever immune system reaction to outdoor allergens

Upper respiratory infection affects the nose, sinuses and throat while lower respiratory infection affects the airways and lungs. Some common examples for URI are common cold, pharyngitis (sore throat), laryngitis (inflammation of voice box). Some common examples for LRI are pneumonia, acute bronchitis and TB

RSV- most common cause of LRI in infants and young children

Croup- URI; common viral breathing infection in young children, causes swelling in the trachea and larynx

Pneumonia an infectious inflammation of the lungs in which the air space become filled with fluid, this fluid is called exudates

Pneumocystis pneumonia occurs mainly in people with weakened immune systems

Allergic rhinitis is hypersensitivity to an inhaled substance or substances

Asthma is a disorder of the bronchial tubes such as excessive mucus production, inflammation, spasm of involuntary muscles in bronchial tubes

COPD is a term used to describe several associates lungs disorder including chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

    Chronic bronchitis the airway lining are chronically inflamed and produce excessive secretions

    Emphysema is characterized by dilation and finally destruction of the alveoli

Acute respiratory distress syndrome is sudden potentially reversible inflammatory condition of the lung resulting from injury or infection

Atelectasis is the incomplete expansion of a lung or portion of a lung, also called collapsed lung

Pleurisy is inflammation of the pleura and usually accompanies a lung infection (pneumonia or TB)

Pneumothorax is an accumulation of air in the pleural space. The lung on the affected side collapses partially or completely causing the patient difficulty breathing

Hemothorax blood in the pleural space

Thoracentesis large bore needle is inserted between ribs into the pleural space to remove fluid