BIO-1-Cell-Functions
General Biology 1 Notes
Page 1: Introduction
Welcome to General Biology 1
Page 2: Exploring Cells
Overview of cell parts and their functions.
Page 3: Cell Types
Introduction to Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.
Page 4: Types of Cells
Prokaryotic Cells vs. Eukaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic: Capsule, Pili, Cell Wall, Nucleoid, Cytoplasm, Flagella, Ribosome, Plasmid.
Eukaryotic: Nucleus, Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Centriole, Nucleolus.
Page 5: Definition of Cells
Basic unit of life.
Building blocks of life.
Provide structure and are responsible for life processes.
Page 8-12: Prokaryotic Cells
Characteristics:
Single-celled organisms.
Lack a nucleus; genetic material is in a nucleoid.
Examples: Archaea, Cyanobacteria, Bacteria.
Page 13-16: Eukaryotic Cells
Characteristics:
Contain a nucleus.
Larger than prokaryotic cells.
Can reproduce sexually and asexually.
Examples: Plants, Protozoans, Fungi, Animals.
Page 17-18: Cell Organelles
Definition: "Little organs" with specific functions.
Key organelles include:
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cytoplasm
Golgi Apparatus
Chloroplast
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Page 19: Analogy of Cell as a City
Different organelles compared to city components:
Nucleus: City Hall
Cell Membrane: School Guards
Golgi Apparatus: Post Office
Mitochondria: Power Plant
Page 20-22: Nucleus
Location of genetic material (DNA).
Functions as the "brain" of the cell.
Page 24-25: Cell Wall
Made of cellulose or peptidoglycan.
Outermost layer of plant cells.
Page 28-31: Cell Membrane
Composed of fats and proteins.
Controls movement in and out of the cell.
Page 32-33: Ribosomes
Micro-machines that produce proteins.
Read and translate genetic codes from the nucleus.
Page 36-39: Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Enclosed passageways for producing and transporting materials like proteins.
Page 40-43: Cytoplasm
Jelly-like substance where most chemical reactions occur.
Page 44-46: Golgi Apparatus
Functions as the cell's "post office."
Sorts, packages, and delivers materials.
Page 49-52: Chloroplast
Involved in photosynthesis.
Contains chlorophyll.
Page 53-56: Lysosomes
Contains enzymes for breaking down substances.
Responsible for waste degradation and recycling.
Page 57-60: Mitochondria
Known as the powerhouse of the cell.
Produces ATP during cellular respiration.
Page 61: Activity
Construct a Venn Diagram comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.