Chapter(s) 1 - 4 - PSY 219

science of human development scientific method hypothesis empirical evidence replication nature nurture differential susceptibility life-span perspective critical period sensitive period ecological-systems approach microsystem exosystem macrosystem chronosystem mesosystem cohort socioeconomic status (SES) culture social construction difference-equals-deficit error ethnic group race intersectionality plasticity dynamic-systems approach scientific observation experiment independent variable dependent variable survey meta-analysis cross-sectional research longitudinal research cross-sequential research 188 189 correlation quantitative research qualitative research developmental theory behaviorism classical conditioning operant conditioning reinforcement social learning theory modeling cognitive theory cognitive equilibrium assimilation accommodation information-processing theory sociocultural theory apprenticeship in thinking guided participation zone of proximal development evolutionary theory selective adaptation eclectic perspective deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) chromosome gene gamete zygote genome allele epigenetics microbiome genotype homozygous heterozygous 23rd pair XY XX stem cells in vitro fertilization (IVF) monozygotic (MZ) twins dizygotic (DZ) twins phenotype Human Genome Project dominant recessive carrier X-linked heritability syndrome Down syndrome fragile X syndrome germinal period embryonic period fetal period embryo cephalocaudal proximodistal fetus age of viability doula Apgar scale cesarean section cerebral palsy anoxia teratogen behavioral teratogens threshold effect fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) false positive low birthweight (LBW) very low birthweight (VLBW) extremely low birthweight (ELBW) preterm small for gestational age (SGA) immigrant paradox Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS) reflex postpartum depression couvade parent–infant bond kangaroo care