🟩 Particle Theory of Matter (5.1)

• matter - anything that has mass and volume
• atoms - are the tiny particles that make up matter (greek for indivisible)
• molecule - 2 or more atoms joined together is a molecule (latin word molecula)
• molecule = smallest part a substance can be divided into without destroying its chemical character
• Particle Theory of Matter - theory that describes the composition and behaviour of matter
• 5 parts of Particle Theory of Matter (M A S T S)
  • All matter is made up of particles that are constantly moving. (heating makes them move faster)
  • Particles attract each other
  • All 3 states of matter contain the same type of particles
  • Particles are very tiny
  • All particles are separated by space

    - Density relates to how close the particles of a substance are

• solids = formed when force of attraction holds particles close together
• liquids = formed when particles gain energy and move due to heating and force of attraction no longer holds them as close together
• gas = continual heating turns into gaseous state
• pure substance - type of matter only made up of 1 particle (distilled water)
• mixture - contains more than 1 particle, can be all 3 states of matter
  • mechanical mixtures = a mixture where the substances/particles are easily distinguishable (cereal) > usually murky or opaque
  • solutions = looks like a pure substance but contains more than 1 particle which cannot be distinguished apart > if liquid or gas, usually clear
• alloys - the resulting metal when 2 or more metals are mixed together

  (tin + lead = sodder)