Government

disabled, transformed, stability, strong, crisis?

HVIII

  • king’s power-

  • Henry young 18 years old, working with councillors- 1509- inherits HVII’s people- Empson and Dudley is executed- ministers are the same though- stability- no war.

  • Wolsey rising as lower ranking councillor.

  • By 1515 Wolsey is Lord Chancellor- end to conciliar system of gov- alter rex- relationship between Wolsey and Henry. Generally stable- up and down relationship with Parl under Wolsey.

  • 1525- Amicable grant

  • Crom and BWR- massive increase in power of the monarch

  • 1533- Restraint Act of repeals

  • 1536- Act extinguishing authority of Bishop of Rome

  • 1531-4- head of canon law- submission clergy

  • Control over church- Tyndale’s obedience of a Christian man.

  • 1539- proclamation act- equal to laws

  • 1547- repeals proclamation act- doesn’t stop Somerset.

  • Henry= puppet master- factional struggle

  • Parl-

  • early parl and 1511/12-to do with granting usual things- tonnage and poundage- not out of the ordinary. Parl’s job is to give king what he wants when he wants it. Benefit of Clergy. Subsidy

  • 1515- Act of resumption- all about money- nothing unusual.

  • 1523- Freedom of speech- moaning about Wolsey- Thomas More wants free speech without danger- drop enclosure campaign- only gives £400,000 to Wol- summer stink.

  • Crom- major changes- not King AND parl but king IN parl- increase power of parl. ELTON

  • thousand pages covered from magna carta to hviii.

  • Bill of particulars- 1529- pre- BWR- parl is being respectful to a point- blaming Wol- Henry encouraged this parl to be anti-clerical due to wanting a divorce.

  • Any examples from BWR shows power of parl and legislation.

  • King cant do BWR without parl.

  • HVIII opened pandora’s box- parl talking about religion- any changes go through parl now- increase in power.

  • HoL- more secular- no more abbots- number of nobles shrinks

  • HoC- increases- new boroughs and councils

  • 1540s- more freedom of speech- parliamentary right

  • PC-

  • HVII ministers- stable, strong gov.

  • Oyer and terminer

  • removes conciliar system- council attendant on the king- 1519- shuts nobles up- Wol is running.

  • PC is back in place when Wol is gone- More leader- advising the king.

  • not functioning as well as under Wol

  • Crom- massive reform with PC

  • 1536- Principal secretary of the Privy council- setting agendas, discussing with Crom then going to King. Can meet independently.

  • 19 men in PC- 13 men that are office holders- hold positions in gov already- more effective and efficient.

  • After 1540- reformed again after fall of Crom- working directly with king instead- own secretaries.

  • Privy Chamber-

  • plays an important role- henry’s friends- important as Wol wants to get rid of them.

  • PC members are older- not HVIIIs mates.

  • 1519- expulsion of privy chamber.

  • 1520- gentlemen of the Privy chamber comes back- 1520- out again- due to war.

  • 1526- Eltham Ordinances- 12 to 6 members in the Privy chambers due to “financial reforms”

  • William Compton groom of the stool replaced by Henry Norris.

  • early years- very important

  • Privy chamber- court factions in 1540s- Hertford (Somerset), Dudley (NL), Cranmer, Gardiner, Risley, Arundel, Norfolk, Surrey- upsets balance in Privy Chamber.

  • Starkey states no crisis- Henry playing puppet master.

  • others- state henry was “shamelessly exploited”.

  • Some instability due to execution of ministers.

  • Privy chamber is centre of power- death of HVIII was kept secret for 3 days- changing of the will.

  • Paget and Denny- holders of the dry stamp and king’s household.

ED

  • King’s power-

  • inherits title but is a child.

  • never as powerful as father.

  • Got Som as a Lord Protector and Governor of King’s Person- autocratic titles- counter sign everything Ed signs, dry stamp.

  • Limits ed’s power.

  • NL- ed going to PC meetings, more of a say, acting more like a king.

  • NL- Lord president and Great Steward- learns from Som’s mistakes

  • Parl-

  • Parl is still involved in legislation- continued.

  • Vagrancy Act

  • Som issues 77 proclamations overriding parliamentary law- time of crisis.

  • NL- works with parl- much less proclamations.

  • PC-

  • HVIII’s will- PC must be important- PC ruling england- council of 16 men ruling till edward is 18.

  • Regency council instead due to being Lord Protector

  • Does not work with PC- makes up own council of 6 men- only 1 is in the PC.

  • PC unstable- state of crisis.

  • Paget- writes letter to Som criticising Som

  • NL- learns from Som’s mistakes.

  • Works with PC- increases members to 33 but does make a smaller PC- all PCs.

  • Faction leader that got lucky- doing similar to Crom

  • Ed is going to PC meetings, setting agendas.

  • Privy Chamber-

  • both Som and NL take control of Privy Chamber- saw it as important.

  • NL using cranmer as manipulating Edward.

MARY

  • no authority like her father- is a women- expects her to marry

  • ditches supremacy- expecting Philip to have a role in helping the country.

  • not same power and authority.

  • Parl-

  • most about religion- Parl still legislating on religion is important

  • Parl is weakened due to rivalry between Paget and Gardiner till 1555- then back to being stable.

  • Mary gets what she wants- handles Parl well- money for war.

  • PC-

  • ignoring PC and relying on Renard and Philip.

  • rivalry between Paget and Gardiner over religion and marriage.

  • Doesn’t go to PC meetings, neither does Philip.

  • Privy chamber-

  • not as important as women run it- only important if councillor get wives in it.