Logic Test

assertion: statement without reason

argument: provides reason to believe it

premise: claim offered as support

conclusion: claim of argument that is supported

Valid: If premises are true, conclusion is true

Sound: Valid with true premises

• cannot have false conclusion

Purposes of Arguments

deductive argument: aims to make conclusion certain (Definite, Deductive)

inductive argument: aims to make conclusion likely (LIkely/Imaginable, Inductive)

forms

valid

Modus Ponens (MP): p → q , p, ∴q

Modus Tollens (MT): p → q, ~q, ∴~p

Disjunctive Syllogism (DS): p ⌄ q, ~p, ∴q

invalid

Affirming the Consequent (AC): p → q, q, ∴p

Denying the Antecedent (DA): p → q, ~p, ∴~q

AC&DA are false bc theyre ACDAs (actors) aka just pretending

requirement

sufficient: antecedent enough to fulfill consequent

neccesary: antecedent is one requirement of consequent

ad hominem

ad hominem abusive: directly attack opponent, not argument

ad hominem tu quoque: accuse opponent of hippocrisy

genetic fallacy: attack origins of belief