Health Promotion

Compare and contrast the concepts of health promotion, wellness, and disease prevention.
Compare and contrast health promotion strategies and the nurse’s role in each.
Compare and contrast acute illness and chronic illness.
Identify the overarching goals of Healthy People 2030.
Differentiate between the levels of preventative care and provide examples at each level.
Discuss the impact of personal beliefs and other factors on health status.

Health Promotion: Activities aimed at promoting general health through actions such as exercise and good nutrition.
Wellness: Defined as not merely the absence of disease or infirmity but as an overall sense of well-being that encompasses emotional, social, and physical health.
Disease Prevention: Involves primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention – examples include washing hands (primary) and getting vaccinated (primary).

Proposes that individuals can progress towards greater health and well-being through stages such as
- Awareness
- Education
- Growth
Reflects worsening health states through signs, symptoms, and disabilities.
Highlights how a person's outlook can significantly affect their wellness.

Primary Prevention: Focuses on risk reduction through strategies like vaccines, smoking cessation, and seatbelt education.
Secondary Prevention: Involves screening for diseases such as measuring blood pressure or conducting routine blood work and PAP tests.
Tertiary Prevention: Aims at controlling chronic effects of diseases, including self-care programs for diabetics and cardiac rehabilitation.

Government/Organizational Support: Funding by public health policies and scientific initiatives
Health Education: Programs designed to inform and improve community health.
Self-Care: Encouraging individuals to engage in their health management.

Public Health Policies: Involvement in creating policies that facilitate health initiatives.
Funding for Initiatives: Financial support for science-based and health improvement projects.
Safety Policies: Implementing practices that safeguard community health and well-being.
Health Communication Campaigns: Informing the public about health initiatives such as Healthy People 2030.

National health promotion and disease prevention objectives are updated every ten years; the current one is Healthy People 2030 (fifth edition).
Key focus areas: Health conditions, behaviors, populations, settings, and social determinants of health.
Overall Goals:
- Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being free from preventable diseases.
- Eliminate health disparities and achieve health equity.
- Create supportive environments to enable health and well-being.
- Promote healthy behaviors across all life stages.
- Engage leadership and the public in health improvement actions.

Defined as learning experiences aimed to improve health through enhanced knowledge and behavioral change.
Health materials should be written at a 6th-7th grade reading level (as recommended by NIH) for better understanding.
Strategies Include:
- Informing individuals about health risks and necessary behavior changes.
- Providing tools necessary for making health improvements.

Self-Care: Involves a variety of activities intended to promote mental health and overall well-being.
Burnout: Characterized by a loss of idealism, energy, and purpose, often experienced in healthcare professions due to work conditions.
The importance of engaging in self-care practices is emphasized to prevent burnout, moral distress, and lack of compassion.

Non-modifiable Risk Factors:
- Gender
- Age
- Family history of diseases like diabetes and high BP.
Modifiable Risk Factors:
- High blood pressure
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Physical inactivity
- High cholesterol levels

Case example: Caring for a client in a rehabilitation center post-bicycle accident, who underwent cervical spine stabilization surgery.
- Teaching mobility and wound care techniques with emphasis on recovery.

Use the ATI active learning template to detail the three levels of prevention with examples relevant to the client's history or precautions that could have prevented the injury and its impact.
Primary Prevention Example: Bicycle safety measures and helmet use.
Secondary Prevention Example: Regular checkups post-accident.
Tertiary Prevention Example: Rehabilitation procedures and adaptations post-surgery.