IONS to KNOW

Monatomic Ions

• Monatomic ions: Ions formed from a single atom.

• Cations (positively charged):

  • Examples:

    • Li+ (Lithium)

    • Na+ (Sodium)

    • K+ (Potassium)

    • Mg²+ (Magnesium)

    • Ca²+ (Calcium)

    • Rb+ (Rubidium)

    • Sr²+ (Strontium)

    • Ba²+ (Barium)

    • Zn²+ (Zinc)

    • Ag+ (Silver)

  • Group I (IA), II (IIA), and transitional metals (IIIB, IV, and VB)

• Anions (negatively charged):

  • Examples:

    • F− (Fluoride)

    • O²− (Oxide)

    • N³− (Nitride)

    • S²− (Sulfide)

    • Cl− (Chloride)

  • Group IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA, VIIA

Polyatomic Ions

• Polyatomic ions: Ions composed of two or more atoms.

• Common examples:

  • NH4+ (Ammonium)

  • OH− (Hydroxide)

  • HSO3− (Bisulfite)

  • SO32− (Sulfite)

  • PO43− (Phosphate)

  • C2H3O2− (Acetate)

  • HSO4− (Bisulfate)

  • SO4²− (Sulfate)

  • NO₂− (Nitrite)

  • HCO3− (Bicarbonate)

  • CO32− (Carbonate)

  • NO3− (Nitrate)

  • ClO3− (Chlorate)

  • C2O4²− (Oxalate)

  • ClO4− (Perchlorate)