Tú Afirmativo

1. Take the present tense él/ella/usted form of the verb.

Irregulars include…

• hacer

• poner

• decir

• salir

• ser

• ir

• ver

• tener

• venir

• mantener.

Note: Add the IOP and DOP to the end of the command, add accents to preserve the original verb stress.

Tú Negativo

1. Take the present tense yo form of the verb.

2. Drop the “o”.

3. Add -as to -er or -ir verbs.

4. Add -es to -ar verbs.

Irregulars include…

• dar

• estar

• ir

• ser

Note: Verbs ending in -car, -gar, or -zar have spelling changes in the tú negative form. -car (c→qu), -gar (g→gu), and -zar (z→c).

Note: Sandwich the IOP and DOP in between the no and the verb.

Usted Afirmativo

1. Take the present tense yo form of the verb.

2. Drop the “o”.

3. Add -a to -er or -ir verbs.

4. Add -e to -ar verbs.

Note: Add the IOP and DOP to the end of the command, add accents to preserve the original verb stress.

Ustededes Afirmativo

1. Take the present tense yo form of the verb.

2. Drop the “o”.

3. Add -an to -er or -ir verbs.

4. Add -en to -ar verbs.

Note: Add the IOP and DOP to the end of the command, add accents to preserve the original verb stress.

Usted Negativo

1. Take the usted afirmativo form of the verb.

2. Add no in front.

Note: Sandwich the IOP and DOP in between the no and the verb.

Ustedes Negativo

1. Take the ustedes afirmativo form of the verb.

2. Add no in front.

Note: Sandwich the IOP and DOP in between the no and the verb.