week 6 2nd

Geographical and Historical Expansion of Islam

  • Regions Affected by the Expansion of Islam (c. 650 to c. 1475)
    • Portugal
    • Spain
    • Notable city: Granada
    • Morocco
    • Notable city: Marrakesh
    • France
    • Notable regions: Paris, Rhône River
    • Significant waterways include the Rhine
    • Austria
    • Notable city: Vienna
    • Italy
    • Notable cities: Rome
    • Serbia
    • Notable city: Belgrade
    • Turkey
    • Notable city: Constantinople (now Istanbul)
    • Uzbekistan
    • Notable cities: Samarkand
    • Khorasan
    • Notable cities: Herat, Tabriz
    • Persia
    • Notable cities: Baghdad, Kashan, Isfahan
    • Afghanistan
    • Tunisia
    • Notable city: Kairouan
    • Crete, Anatolia, Cyprus
    • Palestine
    • Notable cities: Jerusalem, Damascus
    • Jordan, Africa
    • Egypt
    • Notable regions: Cairo, Luxor
    • Major river: Nile River
    • Sudan
    • Arabian Peninsula
    • Major city: Medina
    • Nearby bodies of water: Red Sea
    • Yemen
    • Pakistan
    • India

Key Structures in Islamic Architecture

  • Kaaba (Mecca)
    • Specifications:
    • Shape: Cube
    • Material: Granite masonry
    • Textile: Black silk and cotton with embroidery of Qur’anic verses in gold and silver threads
    • Dimensions:
      • Height: 15 meters
      • Width: 10.5 meters
    • Historical Context:
    • Rededicated in 631-632 CE

Significant Religious Architecture

  • Dome of the Rock (Jerusalem)
    • Year of completion: 691 CE
    • Architectural Significance: A pivotal structure in Islamic architecture

Techniques in Art

  • Mosaic Art
    • Description of Techniques:
    • Utilizes tesserae (small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials)

Artistic Works from Various Periods

  • Kamal al-Din Bihzad

    • Title: Yusuf Fleeing Zulayhka
    • Description:
    • Medium: Ink and pigments on paper
    • Dimensions: Approximately 12 inches x 8.5 inches
    • Location: Cairo, National Library
    • Date of creation: 1488 CE

  • Icon of St. Michael the Archangel

    • Date: 1100s CE
    • Origin: Constantinople
    • Medium: Cloisonné, enamel, silver-gilt, precious stones
    • Location: Treasury of San Marco, Venice
    • Classification: Byzantine Relief Icon

  • Theotokos of Vladimir

    • Timeframe: First third of the 12th century
    • Medium: Tempera on panel
    • Dimensions: 41 x 27 inches
    • Origin: Constantinople

The Crusades Timeline

  • Crusades Overview
    • First Crusade (1095-1099)
    • Major Cities Involved:
      • Venice, Constantinople, Holy Land
    • Second Crusade (1147-1149)
    • Third Crusade (1189-1192)
    • Fourth Crusade (1202-1204)
    • Other Key Locations:
    • Regensburg, Paris, and Jerusalem

Artistic Techniques Used in Fresco

  • Buon Fresco Technique
    • Specification of layers:
    • Arriccio: Rough layer of plaster
    • Intonaco: Final layer on which colors are applied
    • Application Method: Water-based paint applied to wet intonaco layer

Notable Works of Art

  • Giotto di Bondone's Works
    • Virgin and Child Enthroned
    • Date: 1305–1310
    • Medium: Tempera and gold on wood panel
    • Dimensions: 10'8" × 6'8-1/4”
    • Location: Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
    • Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel
    • Year of Artwork Creation: 1305-1306
    • Content: Various religious scenes including the Raising of Lazarus and Marriage at Cana
    • Location: Padua

Materials in Art Production

  • Lapis Lazuli from Afghanistan
    • Use: Ground to make ultramarine pigment
    • Mixing: Typically mixed with egg yolks to create egg tempera paint
    • Conclusion: Paint composition is defined as
    • Paint = Pigment + Binder
    • Tempera paint = Pigment + Egg

Iconography and Epigraphy

  • Andrea del Verrocchio's Influences
    • Study of Arabic Epigraphy reflected in both paintings and sculptures
    • Notable Example: Verrocchio’s bronze David featuring an ornate inscription similar to Islamic epigraphy
    • Cultural Connection: Highlights the exchange of artistic techniques and ideas between different cultures

Artistic Materials and Techniques

  • Brass Tray (13th-14th century, Egypt)

    • Specifications: Brass, engraved and inlaid with silver, diameter: 30.25 inches
    • Depiction: Title of a Mamluk official engraved on the tray

  • Masaccio's Pisa Altarpiece

    • Year: 1426
    • Medium: Tempera on wood

Timeline of Key Events**

  • Timeline covering significant historical and artistic developments spanning from ca. 24,000 B.C.E. to 1991 C.E.
  • Important dates include the 11th and 12th centuries, emphasizing the evolution of art and culture during these periods.