SOL REVIEW 1: Prehistory

SOL Review 1: Prehistory

Introduction

• Overview of the subject matter focusing on the origins of Homo sapiens and their evolutionary significance.

Standard 1 | Pages 4-5

• This section encompasses the fundamental aspects of early human history, particularly of Homo sapiens.

Origins of Homo sapiens

• Homo sapiens:
    - Definition: A group of early humans.
    - Emergence: Approximately 200,000 years ago.
    - Geographic Origin: Specifically in East Africa between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago.

Life in Early Societies

• Hunter-Gatherer Societies:
    - Dominated by the physical environment, which significantly shaped their survival and way of life.
    - Lifestyle characterized by a nomadic existence, moving with the availability of resources.

Eras of Prehistory

• Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age):
    - Another term for this period is the Paleolithic Age.
    - Features include:
      - Use of oral languages for communication.
      - Creation of cave art to document and express experiences.

• Neolithic Age:
    - Transition from nomadic hunter-gatherers to settled communities.
    - This change marked a significant turning point in human history.

Advancements in Society

• Settled Communities:
    - Development and use of advanced tools, particularly for farming techniques.

• Domesticating and Agriculture:
    - Domesticating: A term for the taming and breeding animals for human use.
    - Agriculture: The act of planting and harvesting crops to sustain communities.

Archaeological Studies

• Archaeology:
    - Scientists who study artifacts and fossils are known as archaeologists.
    - Utilize various dating methods to establish timelines.

• Radio-Carbon Dating:
    - A method for determining the age of fossils and artifacts through the measurement of radioactive decay.

Notable Structures

• Stonehenge:
    - An example of a Neolithic structure known for its historical and cultural significance.
    - Identified as a Druid ceremonial ring located in England.

Comparative Characteristics Between Ages

• Paleolithic Age vs. Neolithic Age:
    - Paleolithic Age:
      - Lifestyle: Nomadic clans.
      - Tools: Simple tools including stone & wood.
      - Achievements: Development of cave art and use of fire.
    - Neolithic Age:
      - Lifestyle: Settled communities.
      - Tools: Complex tools developed for advanced uses.
      - Achievements: Mastery of weaving, agriculture (growing crops), and animal breeding.