APUSH UNIT FOUR (A) REVIEW

Election/Revolution of 1800

The election of 1800 was a peaceful transition of power as Thomas Jefferson was elected president. Jefferson defeated his opponent Federalist John Adams in the election.

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the United States. He was an anti-federalist and believed in jeffersonian policies. Jeffersonian democracy had policies such as the support of agrarianism and decentralizing the government. The actions that took place under this presidency was repealing the whiskey tax, cutting government jobs, and cutting down the military.

Lousiana Purchase

The Lousiana purchase was a purchase of land the United State's bought from France for $15 million. The purchase was controversial because Jefferson was seen as a hypocrite for it. Jefferson was a strict constituionalist and this act wasn’t in the constitution. This doubled the size of the United States.

National Bank

The first national bank was created by Alexander Hamilton and was a way for the government to handle the debt created by the American revolution.

Marbury V Madison

A supreme court case that resulted in the principle of “judicial review”.

Barbary Pirates

Barbary pirates were pirates who attacked American export ships. When the US was offered to pay a tribute, the US refused and the Barbary Wars occured, happening from 1801-1805.

Embargo of 1807

This embargo happened on Jefferson’s second term. It was a ban on trade with European nations and it was designed to hurt France and Britain. It backfired and negatively impacted the United States’ economy.

Immigration in the early 1800s

The main migrants to the United States were the Germans and Irish. They migrated because of problems in their home countries. This resulted in a urban boom and a spread in catholicism.

Nativism

An anti-immigrant sentiment.

Know-Nothing Party

A political party based off of nativism sentiments that were against immigrants (particularly Irish).

Federalists

A political party that wanted a strong central government and a loose interpreation of the constitution. Key figures include Alexander Hamilton and John Adams.

Democratic Republicans

Key figures of the party were Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. They favored states rights and a strict interpretation of the constitution.

James Madison

The fourth president of the United States. Known as the “Father of the constitution”, he was president during the war of 1812.

Second National Bank

The second national bank was created after the War of 1812 to help pay for the financial crisis caused by the war. Faced opposition from president Andrew Jackson.

James Monroe

A democratic republican that was president from 1817-1825. He was president during the era of good feelings.

Monroe Doctrine

The Monroe Doctrine was a doctrine from James Monroe that seeked to limit European influence in the Western Hemisphere. Basically said “The Western Hemisphere is under United States protection”. It was motivated by trade and resulted in a boom in industry.

Missouri Compromise

A compromise that proposed that for every slave/free state added to the United States, a corresponding slave/free state would be added as well. It did not stop tensions between slave and free (South and North). Established the 36-30 line

Sectionalism

The allegience to your region rather than your coutnry. Prevelant in conflicts with Northern and Southern states, such as issues of states rights.

Henry Clay

A political leader in the United States in the 19th century who pioneered the American system. Also helped in compromises regarding slavery.

American System

An economic system that aimed to grow the economy using tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.

John Marshall

A chief justice that improved the strength of the supreme court.

McCullough v Maryland

A court case that decided that the federal law had more power than states law.

Market Revolution

A transformative period that shifted the US economy from farming/agriculture to a commercial/industry-based economy.

Industrialization

The shift from rural to urban economies. Included factories.

Erie Canal

A man made waterway that facilitated trade in New York and contributed to economic development.