Untitled Flashcards Set

CHAPTER 19 QUESTIONS

1)
Q: Metabolites exchange by diffusion with the tissues and the cells in which of the following locations?
A. artery
B. arteriole
C. capillary
D. venule
E. vein
Answer: C

2)
Q: Blood returning from the systemic circuit enters the
A. left atrium
B. left ventricle
C. right atrium
D. right ventricle
Answer: C

3)
Q: Blood is pumped into the pulmonary circuit from the
A. left atrium
B. left ventricle
C. right atrium
D. right ventricle
Answer: D

4)
Q: Arrange the following structures in the correct order as blood would pass through them.

1. left atrium

2. pulmonary arteries

3. systemic veins

4. right ventricle

5. right atrium

6. pulmonary veins
   A. 4, 6, 2, 3, 1, 5
   B. 3, 5, 4, 2, 6, 1
   C. 2, 6, 4, 5, 3, 1
   D. 1, 5, 6, 2, 3, 4
   E. 6, 1, 5, 4, 2, 3
   Answer: B

5)
Q: The process of decrease in any vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called
A. venoconstriction
B. venodilation
C. vasoconstriction
D. vasodilation
E. None of the answers is correct
Answer: C

6)
Q: The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the
A. tunica intima
B. tunica externa
C. tunica media
D. tunica interna
E. tunica adventitia
Answer: C

7)
Q: Compared to arteries, veins
A. have internal and external elastic membranes
B. have more smooth muscle in their tunica media
C. have a pleated endothelium
D. have thinner walls
E. are usually round when cut
Answer: D

8)
Q: Arrange the structures in the following list in the order that blood will encounter as it flows from the heart back to the heart in the cardiovascular circuit.

1. venules

2. arterioles

3. capillaries

4. elastic arteries

5. medium veins

6. large veins

7. muscular arteries
   A. 7, 4, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
   B. 6, 5, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4
   C. 5, 6, 1, 3, 2, 7, 4
   D. 2, 7, 6, 3, 1, 5, 6
   E. 4, 7, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6
   Answer: E

9)
Q: The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the
A. tunica intima
B. external elastic membrane
C. tunica media
D. internal elastic membrane
E. tunica externa
Answer: B

10)
Q: Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?
A. tunica intima
B. external elastic membrane
C. tunica media
D. internal elastic membrane
E. tunica externa
Answer: E

11)
Q: Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?
A. tunica intima
B. external elastic membrane
C. tunica media
D. internal elastic membrane
E. tunica externa
Answer: C

12)
Q: The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called
A. arteries
B. arterioles
C. capillaries
D. venules
E. veins
Answer: E

13)
Q: In large arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the
A. tunica intima
B. external elastic membrane
C. tunica media
D. internal elastic membrane
E. tunica externa
Answer: D

14)
Q: Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?
A. tunica intima
B. external elastic membrane
C. tunica media
D. internal elastic membrane
E. tunica externa
Answer: A

15)
Q: The common iliac artery is an example of which type of artery?
A. arteriolar
B. elastic
C. connective
D. muscular
E. vascular
Answer: B

16)
Q: The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?
A. arteriolar
B. elastic
C. connective
D. muscular
E. vascular
Answer: D

17)
Q: Which of the following is true regarding the inferior vena cava?
A. It is considered a large vein
B. It carries oxygenated blood
C. It is colored red in diagrams
D. It lacks a tunica externa
E. It has a very thick tunica media
Answer: A

18)
Q: Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?
A. large veins
B. venules
C. medium veins
D. capillaries
E. venous valves
Answer: B

19)
Q: The layer of the arteriole wall that contains smooth muscle and can produce vasoconstriction is the
A. tunica adventitia
B. tunica media
C. tunica intima
D. tunica externa
E. tunica mater
Answer: B

20)
Q: Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is
A. the left subclavian artery
B. the external carotid artery
C. the brachial artery
D. the femoral artery
E. none of the above
Answer: A

21)
Q: Elastic fibers in the walls of which vessels are stretched as the heart beats?
A. arteries
B. arterioles
C. capillaries
D. venules
E. veins
Answer: A

22)
Q: RBCs move single file through this structure.
A. artery
B. arteriole
C. capillary
D. venule
E. vein
Answer: C

23)
Q: The thoroughfare channel ends at the
A. artery
B. arteriole
C. capillary
D. venule
E. vein
Answer: D

24)
Q: Capillaries that have a complete lining are called
A. continuous capillaries
B. fenestrated capillaries
C. sinusoidal capillaries
D. sinusoids
E. vasa vasorum
Answer: A

25)
Q: Capillaries with a perforated lining are called
A. perforated capillaries
B. discontinuous capillaries
C. fenestrated capillaries
D. sinuses
E. vasa vasorum
Answer: C

26)
Q: Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the
A. vasa vasorum
B. sinusoids
C. precapillary sphincters
D. thoroughfare channel
E. collaterals
Answer: C

27)
Q: After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the
A. arteries
B. arterioles
C. capillaries
D. venules
E. veins
Answer: D

28)
Q: The type of capillary that permits the free exchange of water and solutes as large as plasma proteins is the
A. perforated capillaries
B. discontinuous capillaries
C. fenestrated capillaries
D. sinusoids
E. vasa vasorum
Answer: D

29)
Q: Sinusoids can be found in the
A. skeletal muscle
B. cartilage
C. central nervous system
D. liver
E. epithelia
Answer: D

30)
Q: Multiple arteries that fuse in order to serve a single capillary network are called
A. sinusoids
B. collaterals
C. anastomoses
D. thoroughfares
E. elastic arteries
Answer: B

31)
Q: Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except
A. the pressure in the veins is lower than in the arteries
B. pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein
C. valves permitting flow of blood in one direction only
D. valves in the veins preventing the backward flow of blood
E. skeletal muscle compression
Answer: B

32)
Q: Which of the following is not a characteristic of venous valves?
A. preventing backflow of blood
B. channeling blood away from the heart
C. channeling blood toward the heart
D. permit blood flow in one direction only
E. all of the above
Answer: B

33)
Q: These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply.
A. systemic arteries
B. systemic arterioles
C. the heart
D. pulmonary circuit vessels
E. systemic venous system
Answer: E

34)
Q: Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?
A. artery
B. arteriole
C. capillary
D. venule
E. vein
Answer: E

35)
Q: Refers to all the factors that resist blood flow in the entire circulatory system.
A. venous return
B. cardiac output
C. capillary pressure
D. total peripheral resistance
E. vascular resistance
Answer: D

36)
Q: Each of the following changes will result in increased blood flow to a tissue except
A. increased hematocrit
B. increased vessel diameter
C. increased blood pressure
D. decreased peripheral resistance
E. relaxation of precapillary sphincters
Answer: A

37)
Q: Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following except
A. the length of a blood vessel
B. the osmolarity of interstitial fluids
C. the flow characteristics
D. blood viscosity
E. blood vessel diameter
Answer: B

38)
Q: Which of the following does not affect blood flow through the body?
A. blood viscosity
B. vessel diameter
C. turbulence
D. vascular resistance
E. kidney disease
Answer: E

39)
Q: The main control of peripheral resistance by the vasomotor centers occurs in the
A. artery
B. arteriole
C. capillary
D. venule
E. vein
Answer: B

40)
Q: All of the following contribute to turbulent blood flow except
A. when there are irregularities in the vessel wall
B. at high flow rates
C. when there are sudden changes in vessel diameter
D. third and fourth heart sounds
E. when heart valves open
Answer: D

41)
Q: Which of the following would have the greater effect on vascular resistance?
A. doubling the length of a blood vessel
B. decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel by 1/2
C. Neither would be greater
Answer: B

42)
Q: In which of the following would the resistance be greater?
A. a vessel 10 microns in diameter
B. a vessel 1 mm in diameter
Answer: A

43)
Q: In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?
A. a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 2 meters long
B. a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 10 meters long
C. a vessel 0.5 cm in diameter and 4 meters long
D. a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long
Answer: D

44)
Q: Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance except
A. increased sympathetic stimulation
B. elevated levels of epinephrine
C. vasodilation
D. irregularities in the vessel walls caused by plaques
E. elevated hematocrit
Answer: C

45)
Q: Where is blood pressure highest?
A. artery
B. arteriole
C. capillary
D. venule
E. vein
Answer: A

46)
Q: The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the
A. critical closing
B. mean arterial
C. pulse
D. blood
E. circulatory
Answer: C

47)
Q: As blood travels from arteries to veins,
A. pressure builds
B. pressure drops
C. flow becomes turbulent
D. viscosity increases
E. diameter of the blood vessels gets progressively smaller
Answer: B

48)
Q: If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be
A. doubled
B. halved
C. four times greater
D. 1/4 as much
E. unchanged
Answer: A

49)
Q: Blood pressure is lowest in the
A. arteries
B. arterioles
C. capillaries
D. venules
E. veins
Answer: E

50)
Q: If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, their mean arterial pressure would be
A. 210
B. 100
C. 93
D. 105
E. None of the answers is correct
Answer: B

51)
Q: Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in
A. arteries
B. arterioles
C. veins
D. venules
E. capillaries
Answer: E

52)
Q: These are the only blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to permit blood-tissue exchange.
A. Arteries
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Venules
E. Veins
Answer: C

53)
Q: Materials can move across capillary walls by
A. diffusion
B. filtration
C. reabsorption
D. All of the answers are correct
E. None of the answers is correct
Answer: D

54)
Q: The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the
A. concentration of plasma sodium ions
B. concentration of plasma glucose
C. concentration of plasma waste products
D. concentration of plasma proteins
E. number of red blood cells
Answer: D

55)
Q: Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space?
A. Blood hydrostatic pressure forces fluid from the capillary to the interstitial space
B. Blood osmotic pressure moves fluid from the interstitial space to the capillary
C. The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is less than the blood osmotic pressure
D. The hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid is largely unimportant in determining fluid movement
E. The net filtration pressure is usually zero
Answer: E

56)
Q: The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the
A. venous pressure
B. capillary hydrostatic pressure
C. diastolic pressure
D. peripheral pressure
E. pulse pressure
Answer: B

57)
Q: Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the
A. level of oxygen at the tissue increases
B. level of carbon dioxide at the tissue decreases
C. veins constrict
D. arterioles dilate
E. All of the answers are correct
Answer: D

58)
Q: Which of the following factors will not increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?
A. decreased plasma albumin
B. increased blood hydrostatic pressure
C. decreased blood colloidal pressure
D. decreased net filtration rate
E. decreased lymphatic flow
Answer: D

59)
Q: The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves all of the following functions except
A. accelerates the distribution of nutrients and hormones
B. assists the transport of insoluble substances that cannot enter the capillaries
C. helps carry toxins and bacteria to cells of the immune system
D. flushes hormones and wastes from the interstitial spaces
E. increases edema
Answer: E

60)
Q: Edema is not favored when
A. the plasma concentration of albumin is reduced
B. endothelial permeability goes up
C. capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated
D. interstitial fluid movement increases
E. liver damage decreases production of blood proteins
Answer: D

61)
Q: The hormone that produces cardiovascular effects similar to activation of the sympathetic nervous system is
A. acetylcholine
B. epinephrine
C. bradykinin
D. tachykinin
E. sympathetic neuropeptide
Answer: B

62)
Q: ______ is the regulation of blood flow by local mechanisms within a capillary bed.
A. Central regulation
B. Autoregulation
C. Tissue perfusion
D. All of the answers are correct
E. None of the answers is correct
Answer: B

63)
Q: Each of the following will lead to a decrease in blood pressure except
A. release of renin
B. decrease in blood volume
C. decreased peripheral resistance
D. increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
E. reduced thirst
Answer: A

64)
Q: Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors results in
A. stimulation of the cardioacceleratory center in the brain
B. increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart
C. increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system
D. stimulation of the vasoconstrictive center
E. increased heart rate
Answer: C

65)
Q: Blood pressure increases with all of the following except increased
A. cardiac output
B. peripheral resistance
C. blood volume
D. parasympathetic innervation
E. force of cardiac contraction
Answer: D

66)
Q: When will the blood pressure be greater?
A. when the peripheral vessels dilate
B. when the peripheral vessels constrict
Answer: B

67)
Q: An increase in the rate of action potentials from baroreceptors will lead to
A. increase in heart rate
B. decrease in heart rate
C. decrease in blood pressure
D. both decrease in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure
E. both increase in heart rate and decrease in blood pressure
Answer: D

68)
Q: All of the following are characteristics of cardiovascular regulation except
A. Blood flow through tissues meets the demand for oxygen
B. Blood flow changes to match tissue responses
C. Changes occur without drastically altering blood pressure
D. Blood flow through tissues meets the demand for nutrients
E. The heart rate decreasing as stroke volume decreases
Answer: E

69)
Q: When renin is released from the kidney,
A. angiotensin II is converted to angiotensin I
B. angiotensin I formation is triggered
C. angiotensin I increases salt reabsorption at the kidneys
D. blood pressure goes down
E. blood flow to the kidneys decreases
Answer: B

70)
Q: Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except
A. increased levels of aldosterone
B. increased levels of angiotensin II
C. increased blood volume
D. increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
E. increased levels of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
Answer: D

71)
Q: Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following except
A. uptake of interstitial fluid due to reduced capillary pressure
B. inhibition of EPO secretion
C. activation of ADH secretion
D. activation of aldosterone secretion
E. increased thirst and water intake
Answer: B

72)
Q: Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased
A. heart rate
B. cardiac output
C. blood flow to the lungs
D. parasympathetic stimulation of the heart
E. None of the answers is correct
Answer: D

73)
Q: Chemoreceptor reflexes respond to
A. carbon dioxide
B. oxygen
C. pH
D. All of the answers are correct
E. None of the answers is correct
Answer: D

74)
Q: Sensory neurons that are part of chemoreceptor reflexes are found in the
A. medulla oblongata
B. hypothalamus
C. pons
D. cerebrum
E. cerebellum
Answer: A

75)
Q: Sensory neurons that are part of the chemoreceptor reflexes are found in all of the following except the
A. common carotid artery
B. arch of the aorta
C. medulla oblongata
D. lungs
Answer: D

76)
Q: A decrease in blood CO₂ levels would cause
A. increased blood pH
B. increased cardiac output
C. increased blood pressure
D. increased stroke volume
E. increased respiratory rate
Answer: A

77)
Q: In comparing a trained athlete to a non-athlete, which of these comparisons is false?
A. The athlete has a lower resting heart rate
B. Both hearts weigh about the same
C. The athlete has a higher resting stroke volume
D. The athlete has a higher exercise stroke volume
E. The athlete has a higher exercise cardiac output
Answer: B

78)
Q: Which of the following would you expect to have the lowest resting heart rate?
A. a trained athlete
B. an unconditioned adult
C. a person with heart failure
D. a teenager with a sedentary lifestyle
E. an 80-year-old woman
Answer: A

79)
Q: All of the following occur during exercise except
A. vasodilation occurs to the active skeletal muscles
B. venous return increases
C. both cardiac output and stroke volume increase
D. blood flow to the brain stays relatively constant
E. blood flow to skin decreases
Answer: E

80)
Q: All of the following occur in response to hemorrhage except
A. peripheral vasoconstriction
B. increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart
C. mobilization of the venous reserve
D. increase in blood pressure
E. decrease in blood volume
Answer: D

81)
Q: Venoconstriction reduces the amount of blood within the venous system, which increases the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.
A. doubles; decreases
B. reduces; increases
C. decreases; doubles
D. increases; reduces
E. None of the answers is correct
Answer: B

82)
Q: To defend blood volume against dehydration, the body
A. accelerates reabsorption of water at the kidneys
B. experiences a recall of interstitial fluids
C. experiences an increase in the blood colloidal osmotic pressure
D. increases water intake
E. All of the answers are correct
Answer: E

83)
Q: ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for
A. a heart attack
B. hypertension
C. a serious hemorrhage
D. prolonged exercise
E. a heavy meal
Answer: C

84)
Q: After losing 25 percent of blood volume in a motorcycle accident, which of the following compensatory responses would not occur?
A. increased heart rate
B. increase of contractility
C. vasoconstriction of the body wall
D. venoconstriction of skin vessels
E. circulatory shock
Answer: E

85)
Q: Paul has a horrible chainsaw accident and cuts several major blood vessels in his head and neck. As a result, you would expect to observe all of the following except
A. an increased heart rate
B. an increase in cardiac output
C. an increased secretion of renin by the kidneys
D. cold, clammy skin
E. an increased total peripheral resistance
Answer: B

101)
Q: Branches off the aortic arch include all of the following except
A. the brachiocephalic trunk
B. the left subclavian artery
C. the left common carotid artery
D. the right subclavian artery
E. all of the stated vessels branch off the aortic arch
Answer: D

102)
Q: The superior vena cava collects blood from the
A. head, chest, upper limbs, and lower limbs
B. upper limbs and lower limbs
C. head and chest
D. head, chest, and abdomen
E. head, chest, and upper limbs
Answer: E

103)
Q: Major branches of the right subclavian artery include the
A. radial and ulnar arteries
B. brachial and deep brachial arteries
C. internal thoracic and vertebral arteries
D. digital and palmar arches
E. left common carotid and brachiocephalic trunk
Answer: C

104)
Q: After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the
A. radial artery
B. ulnar artery
C. brachial artery
D. subclavian artery
E. digital artery
Answer: C

105)
Q: The brachial artery branches to form the radial and
A. axillary
B. digital
C. ulnar
D. subclavian
E. brachiocephalic
Answer: C

106)
Q: Veins of the upper arm include all of the following except the
A. basilic vein
B. cephalic vein
C. brachial vein
D. axillary vein
E. median cubital vein
Answer: E

107)
Q: Which of the following is a deep vein of the forearm?
A. azygos
B. hemi-azygos
C. cephalic
D. radial
E. basilic
Answer: D

108)
Q: The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the
A. azygos
B. hemi-azygos
C. axillary
D. brachial
E. basilic
Answer: D

109)
Q: The ______ vein is a deep vein that ascends along the medial side of the forearm.
A. radial
B. ulnar
C. cephalic
D. basilic
E. brachial
Answer: B

110)
Q: The vein in the arm commonly sampled for blood by venipuncture is the
A. ulnar vein
B. radial vein
C. median cubital vein
D. brachial vein
E. cephalic vein
Answer: C

111)
Q: The ______ vein is a superficial vein that ascends along the radial side of the forearm.
A. radial
B. ulnar
C. cephalic
D. basilic
E. brachial
Answer: C

112)
Q: The blood vessel that directly carries blood to the arm and shoulder is the
A. aorta
B. brachial artery
C. common carotid artery
D. subclavian artery
E. ulnar artery
Answer: D

113)
Q: Identify the vein labeled "9."
A. axillary
B. brachial
C. cephalic
D. basilic
E. median cubital
Answer: A

114)
Q: Identify the vein labeled "15."
A. axillary
B. brachial
C. radial
D. basilic
E. ulnar
Answer: E

115)
Q: Identify the vein labeled "10."
A. inferior vena cava
B. superior vena cava
C. aorta
D. pulmonary
E. thoracic
Answer: A

116)
Q: Identify the vein labeled "8."
A. superior vena cava
B. brachiocephalic
C. axillary
D. external jugular
E. subclavian
Answer: E

117)
Q: The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the
A. internal jugular vein
B. external jugular vein
C. superior vena cava
D. inferior vena cava
E. coronary sinus
Answer: C

118)
Q: After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the
A. radial
B. ulnar
C. brachial
D. axillary
E. digital
Answer: D

119)
Q: Near the carotid sinus,
A. the common carotid divides into an internal and an external branch
B. the internal carotids fuse with the vertebral arteries
C. the external carotid forms the internal carotid
D. veins and arteries form anastomoses
E. the aorta gives rise to the common carotids
Answer: A

120)
Q: All of the vessels listed ultimately arise from the common carotid artery except the
A. facial artery
B. occipital artery
C. lingual artery
D. vertebral artery
E. maxillary artery
Answer: D

121)
Q: The vessel that passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae is the
A. external jugular vein
B. internal jugular vein
C. facial vein
D. vertebral vein
E. subclavian vein
Answer: D

122)
Q: At the level of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes the ______ vein.
A. cephalic
B. azygos
C. subclavian
D. innominate
E. external jugular
Answer: C

123)
Q: The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the ______ vein.
A. azygos
B. hemi-azygos
C. axillary
D. iliac
E. brachiocephalic
Answer: E

124)
Q: The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the
A. inferior vena cava
B. superior vena cava
C. innominate vein
D. subclavian vein
E. azygos vein
Answer: B

125)
Q: The two vertebral arteries fuse to form a large artery, the
A. circle of Willis
B. common carotid artery
C. external carotid artery
D. internal carotid artery
E. basilar artery
Answer: E

126)
Q: The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the
A. common carotid artery
B. basal ring
C. cerebral arterial circle
D. external carotid artery
E. arterial bypass
Answer: C

127)
Q: Each of the following arteries is a component of the cerebral arterial circle except the
A. anterior communicating artery
B. anterior cerebral artery
C. posterior communicating artery
D. posterior cerebral artery
E. basilar artery
Answer: E

128)
Q: An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the
A. internal carotid
B. external carotid
C. mental
D. azygos
E. maxillary
Answer: A

129)
Q: Blood from the brain returns to the heart through the
A. vertebral vein
B. azygos vein
C. innominate vein
D. internal jugular vein
E. external jugular vein
Answer: D

130)
Q: Veins of the brain empty into
A. coronary sinuses
B. the dural sinuses
C. the circle of Willis
D. carotid arteries
E. vertebral veins
Answer: B

131)
Q: All of the following is true of the superior sagittal sinus except that it
A. is located in the falx cerebri
B. collects blood from the brain
C. converges with the transverse sinus to form the sigmoid sinuses
D. carries deoxygenated blood
E. provides blood to the circle of Willis
Answer: E

132)
Q: The blood vessel that is formed by the joining of the vertebral arteries and supplies blood to the circle of Willis from the posterior side is the
A. internal carotid artery
B. middle cerebral artery
C. anterior communicating artery
D. basilar artery
E. ophthalmic artery
Answer: D

133)
Q: The ______ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta.
A. pericardium
B. mediastinum
C. diaphragm
D. peritoneum
E. pleura
Answer: C

134)
Q: Branches of the thoracic aorta include all of the following except the
A. basilar
B. superior phrenic
C. esophageal
D. bronchial
E. intercostal
Answer: A

135)
Q: The two common iliac veins form the
A. femoral vein
B. greater saphenous vein
C. inferior vena cava
D. hepatic portal vein
E. innominate vein
Answer: C

136)
Q: The bronchial arteries branch from the
A. aortic arch
B. thoracic aorta
C. abdominal aorta
D. common carotid artery
E. intercostal arteries
Answer: B

137)
Q: The blood vessel that supplies blood to the liver, stomach, and spleen is the
A. gastric artery
B. renal artery
C. superior mesenteric artery
D. celiac trunk
E. common iliac artery
Answer: D

151)
Q: Nutrients from the digestive tract enter the
A. inferior vena cava
B. superior vena cava
C. hepatic portal vein
D. hepatic vein
E. azygos vein
Answer: C

152)
Q: Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the
A. common carotid arteries
B. common iliac arteries
C. femoral arteries
D. tibial arteries
E. popliteal arteries
Answer: B

153)
Q: The external iliac artery becomes the
A. radial artery
B. femoral artery
C. tibial artery
D. popliteal artery
E. deep femoral artery
Answer: B

154)
Q: At the posterior knee, the femoral artery becomes the
A. iliac artery
B. deep femoral artery
C. popliteal artery
D. tibial artery
E. peroneal artery
Answer: C

155)
Q: Branches of the popliteal artery include the
A. femoral artery
B. anterior tibial artery
C. iliac artery
D. dorsalis pedis artery
E. plantar arch
Answer: B

156)
Q: Which of these contribute(s) to the formation of the popliteal vein?
A. internal iliac
B. small saphenous and great saphenous
C. anterior and posterior tibial and fibular
D. peroneal and popliteal
E. great saphenous and posterior tibial
Answer: C

157)
Q: Blood from capillaries on the superior surface of the foot drain into a(n)
A. plantar vein
B. dorsal venous arch
C. small saphenous vein
D. peroneal vein
E. iliac vein
Answer: B

158)
Q: Blood from the dorsal venous arches drains into the
A. small saphenous vein
B. posterior tibial vein
C. great saphenous vein
D. small saphenous and great saphenous veins
E. small saphenous and posterior tibial veins
Answer: D

159)
Q: At the knee, the small saphenous and popliteal veins unite to form the
A. femoral vein
B. popliteal vein
C. external iliac vein
D. internal iliac vein
E. inferior vena cava
Answer: A

160)
Q: When the popliteal vein reaches the popliteal fossa, it becomes the
A. femoral vein
B. posterior tibial vein
C. internal iliac vein
D. external iliac vein
E. fibular vein
Answer: A

161)
Q: The deep femoral vein is formed by the fusion of the greater saphenous vein, femoral vein, and
A. internal iliac
B. external iliac
C. common iliac
D. inferior vena cava
E. azygos
Answer: B

162)
Q: All of the following ultimately arise from the external iliac artery except the
A. deep femoral artery
B. popliteal artery
C. anterior tibial artery
D. obturator artery
E. femoral artery
Answer: D

163)
Q: The most inferior of the following blood vessels is the
A. popliteal
B. anterior tibial artery
C. posterior tibial artery
D. fibular artery
E. dorsalis pedis artery
Answer: E

164)
Q: Arteries that directly supply the plantar portion of the foot branch from the posterior ______ artery.
A. tibial
B. fibular
C. popliteal
D. iliac
E. femoral
Answer: A

165)
Q: The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the
A. right atrium
B. left atrium
C. right ventricle
D. left ventricle
E. interatrial septum
Answer: E

166)
Q: The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located
A. between the right atrium and left atrium
B. between the ligamentum arteriosus and the fossa ovalis
C. between the right ventricle and the left ventricle
D. between the fossa ovalis and the ductus arteriosus
E. in the interventricular septum
Answer: A

167)
Q: The ligamentum arteriosum is the remnant of the fetal
A. foramen ovalis
B. ductus venosus
C. ductus arteriosus
D. umbilical arteries
E. umbilical vein
Answer: C

168)
Q: The ductus venosus delivers blood to the
A. placenta
B. foramen ovalis
C. aorta
D. right atrium
E. inferior vena cava
Answer: E

169)
Q: The fetal structure that conducts blood from the right to left atrium is the
A. umbilical vein
B. ductus venosus
C. ductus arteriosus
D. foramen ovale
E. umbilical arteries
Answer: D

170)
Q: The umbilical arteries branch from the
A. thoracic aorta
B. abdominal aorta
C. celiac trunk
D. common iliac arteries
E. internal iliac arteries
Answer: E

171)
Q: The congenital heart defect most often associated with Down syndrome is
A. ventricular septum defect
B. patent foramen ovale
C. tetralogy of Fallot
D. atrioventricular septal defect
E. transposition of the great vessels
Answer: D

172)
Q: A "blue baby" is often associated with what congenital heart defect?
A. ventricular septal defect
B. atrioventricular septal defect
C. tetralogy of Fallot
D. patent ductus arteriosus
E. transposition of the great vessels
Answer: D

173)
Q: The most common congenital heart defect is
A. ventricular septal defect
B. patent foramen ovale
C. tetralogy of Fallot
D. atrioventricular septal defect
E. transposition of the great vessels
Answer: A

174)
Q: What is the order in which fetal blood would pass through the following structures after leaving the heart?

1. pulmonary trunk

2. foramen ovale

3. umbilical arteries

4. umbilical vein

5. ductus venosus

6. right atrium
   A. 1, 4, 2, 3, 6, 5
   B. 4, 3, 1, 2, 6, 5
   C. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 2
   D. 6, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5
   E. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 6
   Answer: C

175)
Q: Describe the pulmonary circuit.
A. The pulmonary circuit consists of the vasculature in the lungs.
B. The pulmonary circuit transports blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries in the lungs, and pulmonary veins and returns it to the left atrium.
C. The pulmonary circuit transports blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins of the body from the left ventricle to the right atrium.
D. The pulmonary circuit transports blood from the left ventricle through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries in the lungs, and pulmonary veins and returns it to the right atrium.
E. The pulmonary circuit transports blood from the left ventricle through the pulmonary veins, capillaries in the lungs, and pulmonary arteries and returns it to the right atrium.
Answer: B

176)
Q: Describe the systemic circuit.
A. The systemic circuit consists of the vasculature in the heart.
B. The systemic circuit transports blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries in the lungs, and pulmonary veins and returns it to the left atrium.
C. The systemic circuit transports blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins of the body from the left ventricle to the right atrium.
D. The systemic circuit transports blood from the left ventricle through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries in the lungs, and pulmonary veins and returns it to the right atrium.
E. The systemic circuit transports blood from the left ventricle through the pulmonary veins, capillaries in the lungs, and pulmonary arteries and returns it to the right atrium.
Answer: C

177)
Q: Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the systemic circuit?
A. right atrium
B. left atrium
C. right ventricle
D. left ventricle
Answer: A

178)
Q: Distinguish among efferent vessels, afferent vessels, and exchange vessels.
A. Efferent vessels exchange nutrients; afferent vessels carry blood away from the heart
B. Efferent vessels exchange nutrients; afferent vessels carry blood to the heart
C. Efferent vessels carry blood to the heart; afferent vessels carry blood away
D. Efferent vessels carry blood away from the heart; afferent vessels carry blood to the heart; exchange vessels exchange nutrients
E. Efferent vessels carry blood to the heart; afferent vessels exchange nutrients
Answer: D

179)
Q: List the five general classes of blood vessels.
A. blood capillaries, lymphatic capillaries, lacteals, arteries, and veins
B. lymphatic capillaries, lacteals, portal veins, veins, and arteries
C. arteries, lymphatic capillaries, blood capillaries, veins, and portal veins
D. systemic arteries, pulmonary arteries, systemic veins, pulmonary veins, and capillaries
E. arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins
Answer: E

180)
Q: Describe a capillary.
A. A large blood vessel with a thick tunica media
B. A vessel with all 3 layers and few elastic fibers
C. A vessel with thick tunica media and few elastic fibers
D. A small vessel whose thin wall permits exchange by diffusion
E. A medium vessel with poorly defined tunica externa
Answer: D

201)
Q: Where are chemoreceptors located?
A. Skin and hypothalamus
B. Digestive tract, urinary bladder walls, carotid/aortic sinuses, lungs
C. Medulla oblongata and hypothalamus
D. Throughout the somatic and visceral systems
E. Medulla oblongata and carotid and aortic bodies
Answer: E

202)
Q: What effect does an increase in the respiratory rate have on CO₂ levels?
A. Increases CO₂ levels
B. Decreases CO₂ levels
C. It will not affect CO₂ levels
Answer: B

203)
Q: Describe the respiratory pump.
A. Reduction of thoracic pressure during inhalation assists venous return to the heart
B. Lung contraction propels blood to the heart
C. Bronchoconstriction propels blood to the heart
D. Increased thoracic pressure during exhalation pushes blood to the heart
E. Alternating bronchiolar constriction/dilation propels blood to the heart
Answer: A

204)
Q: Name the immediate and long-term problems related to hemorrhage.
A. Immediate: blood clotting; Long-term: max vasoconstriction
B. Immediate: max vasoconstriction; Long-term: skeletal muscle atrophy
C. Immediate: maintain BP & peripheral flow; Long-term: restore blood volume
D. Immediate: restore blood volume; Long-term: maintain BP & flow
E. Immediate: capillary permeability; Long-term: restore peripheral flow
Answer: C

205)
Q: What are blood islands, and from which cells do they form?
A. Primitive capillary networks from yolk sac cells
B. Primitive arteries from hemangioblasts
C. Primitive veins from hemangioblasts
D. Embryonic cells in yolk sac forming vessels and blood cells
E. Blood cell collections from hematopoietic stem cells
Answer: D

206)
Q: What is the function of hemangioblasts?
A. Give rise to WBCs
B. Give rise to RBCs
C. Give rise to platelets
D. Give rise to hematopoietic stem cells
E. Remodel blood islands into capillary → artery/vein networks
Answer: E

207)
Q: Compare the oxygen content in the two circulatory circuits.
A. Pulmonary: deoxy to lungs, oxy to LA; Systemic: oxy to body, deoxy to RA
B. Pulmonary: deoxy to lungs, oxy to RA; Systemic: oxy to body, deoxy to LA
C. Pulmonary: oxy to lungs, deoxy to LA; Systemic: deoxy to body, oxy to RA
D. Pulmonary: oxy to lungs, deoxy to RA; Systemic: deoxy to body, oxy to LA
E. Pulmonary: deoxy to lungs, deoxy to LA; Systemic: oxy to body, oxy to RA
Answer: A

208)
Q: Identify the largest artery in the body.
A. Vena cava
B. Aorta
C. Carotid
D. Brachiocephalic
E. Iliac
Answer: B

209)
Q: Name the two large veins that collect blood from the systemic circuit.
A. Thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta
B. Ascending aorta and descending aorta
C. Superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
D. External jugular and internal jugular veins
E. Brachiocephalic and subclavian veins
Answer: C

210)
Q: Name the two arteries formed by the division of the brachiocephalic trunk.
A. Right & left common carotid arteries
B. Right & left subclavian arteries
C. Left common carotid & left subclavian
D. Right common carotid & right subclavian
E. Right common carotid & left subclavian
Answer: D

211)
Q: A blockage of which branch of the aortic arch would interfere with blood flow to the left arm?
A. Left subclavian artery
B. Left common carotid artery
C. Brachiocephalic trunk
D. Right common carotid artery
E. Right subclavian artery
Answer: A

212)
Q: When Thor gets angry, a large vein bulges in the lateral region of his neck. Which vein is this?
A. Internal jugular vein
B. External jugular vein
C. Common carotid vein
D. Vertebral vein
E. Brachiocephalic vein
Answer: B

213)
Q: Identify the branches of the external carotid artery.
A. Vertebral and basilar arteries
B. Carotid sinus
C. Temporal, mandibular, external jugular arteries
D. Superficial temporal, maxillary, occipital, facial, lingual arteries
E. Vertebral, basilar, carotid sinus, maxillary, mandibular, facial arteries
Answer: D

214)
Q: Name the arterial structure in the neck region that contains baroreceptors.
A. Brachiocephalic trunk
B. Vertebral artery
C. Basilar sinus
D. Jugular sinus
E. Carotid sinus
Answer: E

215)
Q: Identify the veins that combine to form the brachiocephalic vein.
A. External jugular, internal jugular, vertebral, subclavian veins
B. External & internal carotid, external & internal jugular veins
C. Dural sinuses
D. Dural sinus and carotid sinus
E. Occipital, vertebral, and dural sinuses
Answer: A

216)
Q: Name the three branches of the internal carotid artery.
A. Anterior, middle, posterior cerebral arteries
B. Ophthalmic, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral arteries
C. Posterior cerebral, basilar, vertebral arteries
D. Cerebral arterial circle, basilar, vertebral arteries
E. Ophthalmic, petrosal, sagittal arteries
Answer: B

217)
Q: Name the veins that drain the dural sinuses of the brain.
A. Vertebral veins
B. External jugular veins
C. Internal jugular veins
D. Great cerebral veins
E. Common carotid veins
Answer: C

218)
Q: Which vessel collects most of the venous blood inferior to the diaphragm?
A. Abdominal aorta
B. Phrenic vein
C. Superior vena cava
D. Inferior vena cava
E. Azygos vein
Answer: D

219)
Q: Identify the major branches of the inferior vena cava.
A. Lumbar, gonadal, hepatic, renal, adrenal, phrenic veins
B. Bronchial, esophageal, azygos, hemi-azygos, intercostal, mediastinal veins
C. Superior/inferior mesenteric and celiac trunks
D. Left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic veins
E. Intercostal, esophageal, mesenteric, lumbar, phrenic veins
Answer: A

220)
Q: Grace is in an accident; her celiac trunk is ruptured. Which organs are affected?
A. Heart and lungs
B. Lungs and diaphragm
C. Stomach, heart, lungs, liver
D. Small/large intestine, uterus, bladder, kidneys
E. Stomach, esophagus, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine
Answer: E

221)
Q: List the unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta that supply blood to the visceral organs.
A. Renal, hepatic, splenic, adrenal arteries
B. Celiac trunk, superior/inferior mesenteric arteries
C. Gastric, gonadal, lumbar arteries
D. Phrenic, hepatic, renal arteries
E. Celiac trunk, gonadal, renal arteries
Answer: B

222)
Q: Identify the three veins that merge to form the hepatic portal vein.
A. Azygos, hemi-azygos, phrenic veins
B. Hepatic, splenic, sigmoid veins
C. Superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, splenic veins
D. Hepatic, splenic, pancreaticoduodenal veins
E. Hepatic, right & left colic veins
Answer: C

223)
Q: Identify two veins that carry blood away from the stomach.
A. Left and right gastro-epiploic veins
B. Left and right colic veins
C. Superior and inferior mesenteric veins
D. Middle colic and ileocolic veins
E. Superior mesenteric and cystic veins
Answer: A

224)
Q: Name the first two branches of the common iliac artery.
A. Internal iliac artery and femoral artery
B. External iliac artery and femoral artery
C. External iliac artery and internal iliac artery
D. Deep femoral artery and superficial femoral artery
E. Deep femoral and femoral circumflex arteries
Answer: C

225)
Q: The plantar venous arch carries blood to which three veins?
A. Great saphenous, small saphenous, fibular veins
B. Anterior tibial, posterior tibial, fibular veins
C. Anterior tibial, posterior tibial, popliteal veins
D. Great saphenous, small saphenous, popliteal veins
E. Deep femoral, femoral circumflex, obturator veins
Answer: B

226)
Q: A clot in the popliteal vein would interfere with blood flow in which veins?
A. Deep femoral, femoral circumflex
B. Lateral sacral, obturator
C. Gluteal, internal pudendal
D. Tibial, fibular, small saphenous
E. Tibial, fibular, great saphenous
Answer: D

227)
Q: Describe the pattern of fetal blood flow to and from the placenta.
A. Deoxygenated blood goes to placenta via umbilical arteries; oxygenated returns via umbilical vein
B. Deoxygenated blood via umbilical veins; oxygenated returns via umbilical artery
C. Oxygenated blood via umbilical arteries; deoxygenated returns via umbilical vein
D. Oxygenated via umbilical veins; deoxygenated via umbilical artery
E. Deoxygenated via 1 umbilical vein; oxygenated via 2 umbilical arteries
Answer: A

251)
Q: The cephalic vein merges with the axillary vein to become the
A. superior vena cava
B. basilic vein
C. brachial vein
D. subclavian vein
E. axillary vein
Answer: D

252)
Q: Branches off the aortic arch include all of the following except
A. brachiocephalic trunk
B. left subclavian artery
C. left common carotid artery
D. right subclavian artery
E. all of the stated vessels branch off the aortic arch
Answer: D

253)
Q: The superior vena cava collects blood from the
A. head, chest, upper limbs, and lower limbs
B. upper limbs and lower limbs
C. head and chest
D. head, chest, and abdomen
E. head, chest, and upper limbs
Answer: E

254)
Q: Major branches of the right subclavian artery include the
A. radial and ulnar arteries
B. brachial and deep brachial arteries
C. internal thoracic and vertebral arteries
D. digital and palmar arches
E. left common carotid and brachiocephalic trunk
Answer: C

255)
Q: After entering the arm, the axillary artery becomes the
A. radial artery
B. ulnar artery
C. brachial artery
D. subclavian artery
E. digital artery
Answer: C

256)
Q: The brachial artery branches to form the radial and
A. axillary
B. digital
C. ulnar
D. subclavian
E. brachiocephalic
Answer: C

257)
Q: Veins of the upper arm include all of the following veins except the
A. basilic vein
B. cephalic vein
C. brachial vein
D. axillary vein
E. median cubital vein
Answer: E

258)
Q: Which of the following is a deep vein of the forearm?
A. azygos
B. hemi-azygos
C. cephalic
D. radial
E. basilic
Answer: D

259)
Q: The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the
A. azygos
B. hemi-azygos
C. axillary
D. brachial
E. basilic
Answer: D

260)
Q: The ulnar vein is a deep vein that ascends along the medial side of the forearm.
Answer: B

261)
Q: The vein in the arm commonly sampled for blood by venipuncture is the
A. ulnar vein
B. radial vein
C. median cubital vein
D. brachial vein
E. cephalic vein
Answer: C

262)
Q: The cephalic vein is a superficial vein that ascends along the radial side of the forearm.
Answer: C

263)
Q: The blood vessel that directly carries blood to the arm and shoulder is the
A. aorta
B. brachial artery
C. common carotid artery
D. subclavian artery
E. ulnar artery
Answer: D

264)
Q: Identify the vein labeled "9."
A. axillary
B. brachial
C. cephalic
D. basilic
E. median cubital
Answer: A

265)
Q: Identify the vein labeled "15."
A. axillary
B. brachial
C. radial
D. basilic
E. ulnar
Answer: E

266)
Q: Identify the vein labeled "10."
A. inferior vena cava
B. superior vena cava
C. aorta
D. pulmonary
E. thoracic
Answer: A

267)
Q: Identify the vein labeled "8."
A. superior vena cava
B. brachiocephalic
C. axillary
D. external jugular
E. subclavian
Answer: E

268)
Q: The vessel that receives blood from the head, neck, chest, shoulders, and arms is the
A. internal jugular vein
B. external jugular vein
C. superior vena cava
D. inferior vena cava
E. coronary sinus
Answer: C

269)
Q: After passing the first rib, the subclavian artery becomes the
A. radial
B. ulnar
C. brachial
D. axillary
E. digital
Answer: D

270)
Q: Near the carotid sinus,
A. the common carotid divides into an internal and an external branch
B. the internal carotids fuse with the vertebral arteries
C. the external carotid forms the internal carotid
D. veins and arteries form anastomoses
E. the aorta gives rise to the common carotids
Answer: A