10.2

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

  • Overview: Dr. Muhammad Arsyad Subu discusses instructional materials designed to enhance teaching efficacy.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

  • Differentiate between instructional materials and methods.

  • Identify three major variables when selecting and evaluating materials:

    • Learner Characteristics

    • Task Characteristics

    • Media Characteristics

  • Cite the three components of instructional materials.

  • Discuss general principles applicable to all media types.

  • Identify various audiovisual tools, including print and non-print materials.

  • Compare advantages and disadvantages of each instructional medium.

  • Describe evaluation methods for print and nonprint tools.

  • Recognize media's supplemental nature in patient education.

GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE WRITING

  • Essential Principles:

    • Ensure content is accurate and up-to-date.

    • Organize logically; focus on "need to know" information.

    • Use clear "what," "how," and "when" explanations adhering to the KISS (Keep It Simple & Smart) principle.

    • Avoid medical jargon; prefer layman terms.

    • Write at two to four grades below the target audience's average grade level.

CONTINUED GUIDELINES FOR EFFECTIVE WRITING

  • Writing Style Tips:

    • Use active voice rather than passive.

    • Place the most important information at the beginning.

    • Avoid using all capital letters.

    • Utilize advance organizers (charts, diagrams) effectively.

    • Emphasize key points through end reviews.

EVALUATING PRINTED MATERIALS

  • Considerations for Evaluation:

    • Audience characteristics (age, learning style, etc.)

    • Required literacy level and available linguistic variety.

    • Brevity and clarity following the KISS rule.

    • Layout and appearance: bold characters, ample white space, double spacing, generous margins.

    • Opportunity for repetition (Q&A format).

    • Concreteness and familiarity with active versus passive voice.

DEMONSTRATION MATERIALS

  • Definition: Used for teaching concepts effectively, with a focus on making theoretical applications clearer for students, particularly in complex subjects like chemistry.

Displays

  • Types of Displays: Models, real equipment, posters, diagrams, bulletin boards, flip charts, chalkboards, photographs, and drawings.

  • Functionality: Can be portable or fixed installations for various teaching contexts.

Advantages of Displays

  • Quickly attract attention and convey points.

  • Flexible and easily modified, stimulating interest.

  • Portable, can be easily set up or dismantled.

Disadvantages of Displays

  • Require substantial space and time preparation.

  • Limited information capacity; can become outdated or ignored over time.

Posters

  • Characteristics: An increasingly popular educational tool, though sometimes critiqued for being passive.

  • Design Considerations: Use of color, balance with white space, high-quality visuals, KISS principle, textures, catchy titles, and error-free content.

Models

  • Definition: 3D instructional tools aiding knowledge application and psychomotor skills development.

  • Types: Replicas, analogues, and symbols.

    • Replicas resemble real objects, like anatomical models.

    • Analogues act similarly, e.g., dialysis machines.

    • Symbols represent ideas, like musical notes or traffic signs.

AUDIOVISUAL MATERIALS

  • Key educational tools that facilitate engaging teaching and learning.

  • Factors in Selection:

    • Technical feasibility

    • Economic feasibility

    • Social/political acceptability

Projected Learning Resources

  • Examples: PowerPoint presentations, overhead transparencies.

  • Advantages: Effective for groups; beneficial for hearing-impaired learners.

  • Disadvantages: May lack flexibility and require specific equipment.

Audio Learning Resources

  • Types: Audiotapes, radio, compact discs.

  • Advantages: Widely available, portable, suitable for visually impaired learners, can be replayed.

  • Disadvantages: Limited to auditory learning, may involve costly formats.

Video Learning Resources

  • Advantages: Inexpensive, multi-sensory engagement, effective for demonstrations and teaching skills.

  • Disadvantages: Quality degradation over time; may be long or inappropriate for some audiences.

Telecommunications Learning Resources

  • Examples: Telephones, video conferencing.

  • Advantages: Inexpensive and widely accessible.

  • Disadvantages: Setup complexity and lack of direct educator contact.

Computer Learning Resources

  • Overview: Encompasses instructional software, tutorials, and web-based resources.

  • Advantages: High interactivity and feedback, customization for learners.

  • Disadvantages: High software/hardware costs; limited efficacy for certain skill developments.

EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR SELECTING MATERIALS

  • Considerations: Learner characteristics and tasks.

  • Checklist for Evaluation:

    • Content

    • Instructional design

    • Technical production and packaging

SUMMARY

  • Instructional materials should supplement teaching, not substitute it. Distance learning is becoming a viable education option.

THANK YOU

  • Acknowledgment for participation and engagement.