Solid, Liquid, & Gas and Physical + Chemical Notes

Solid, Liquid, and Gas

Liquid

• Some attraction forces between particles   * takes the shape of the container
• Particles slide past each other
• particles are in constant motion - flow

Solid

• Particles are ordered   * Particles are packed tightly together and do not move (vibrate in place)   * sample maintains its shape
• STRONGEST attractive force

Gas

• Particles move in fast, random motions   * expands to fill in the entire container   * particles are in constant motion - flow
• WEAKEST attraction force

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Chemical and Physical Properties/Changes

Physical Property

def: a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance - useful for identifying different substances - NO CHEMICAL REACTION

examples:

• density
• color
• shape
• volume
• mass
• luster
• texture
• state of matter (solid, liquid, gas)
• melting point
• conductivity

Physical Changes

def: a change in the substance where the composition of matter and its properties do not change - no new chemical substances are formed

Phase changes:

Sublimation: the transition of a substance directly from solid to gas without becoming liquid

Deposition: the transition of a substance directly from gas to solid without becoming liquid

Examples:

• All 6 phase changes
• ripping
• folding
• bending
• dissolving

Chemical Property

def: a substance’s ability to undergo changes to make a new substance - something that can be observed in a chemical reaction

examples:

• flammability
• ability to rust
• toxicity

Chemical Change

def: When one or more substances are converted into different substances with different properties, the chemical composition of a substance does change

examples:

• burning
• combustion
• rusting/oxidizing
• decomposing
• rotting

signs of chemical change:

City girls love their phones

c - color

g - gas

l - light

t - temperature

p - precipitate: a solid formed in a chemical change

s - smell/odor

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Element, Compound, Mixture

Pure substance: a substance made up of one type of element or compound that cannot be broken down by physical separation methods (boiling, filters, magnets) but can be broken down or changed CHEMICALLY

• Element: a pure substance that cannot be broken down chemically into a simpler, stable substance - made up of one type of atom   * ex: Hydrogen, oxygen, magnesium   * diatomic element: two of the SAME elements     * ex: N2

• Compound: a pure substance that can be broken down chemically into a simpler, stable substance - made from the atoms of two or more elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions   * ex: HO2, carbon dioxide, water, sugar, sodium chloride

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Mixture: a substance made up of more than one type of pure substance that can be broken down by physical separation methods

• Homogenous mixture: a mixture in which the substances are uniformly distributed (solution)   * ex: iced tea, air, salt water
• heterogeneous mixture: a mixture in which the substances are NOT uniformly distributed   * ex: cookies and cream ice cream, milk and cereal, dirt

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