Palauea-Information-Sheet

Palauea Cultural Preserve

The Palauea Cultural Preserve is situated in the ahupua'a of Palauea within the moku (district) of Honua‘ula on the island of Maui. This area is believed to have been a significant center for the local fishing communities, serving as both a focal point and ceremonial center as identified by historical references (Six, 2013). Currently, the preserve hosts a significant concentration of archaeological and cultural sites, being one of the few remaining undeveloped areas amidst luxury residences. It is home to at least fourteen native plant species, inclusive of the largest stand of maiapilo (Capparis sandwichiana), along with numerous archaeological complexes (Donham, 2007). In April 2013, the Dowling Corporation transferred ownership of the Palauea Cultural Preserve to the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), emphasizing its importance as a cultural resource for the Native Hawaiian community and others. This document aims to delve into the cultural and historical narratives surrounding Palauea, especially as OHA steps into the role of its caretaker.

Traditional Land Divisions of Palauea

The term "palauea" translates to lazy or listless, and is also a name for a sweet potato variety (Pukui & Elbert, 1974). Palauea, part of Honua‘ula, has historical ties to the southern shores of Maui, including locations like Lähaina, Kula, Kahikinui, and Kaupö. Honua‘ula was historically one of the seven moku of Maui, encompassing its southeastern region and portions of ‘Ulupalakua and Kanaio. The climate of Honua‘ula is classified as dry, with the name itself implying "red land or earth," which is also associated with a variety of sweet potato that was a dietary staple among residents (Pukui & Elbert, 1974).

Winds and Rains of Honua‘ula

The winds and rains of Honua‘ula are referenced in local mo‘olelo (stories), one involving Kamiki, a kupua (a being with supernatural powers) who competed against ali‘i (chiefs) in riddling. A notable line describes the climate of Honua‘ula, indicating the role of winds and rains integral to the region's moisture supply. The presence of clouds and dew, significant in providing moisture, were associated with Lono, the god of agriculture (Handy et al., 1991).

Historical Context of Fishing in Honua‘ula

Fishing is a central theme in Honua‘ula’s history, with the mo‘olelo of ‘Ai Pua‘a a Kükeawe detailing conflicts involving Kükeawe’s plundering of local resources which led to uprisings among the local populace (Pukui, 1986). Additionally, the connection of the region to notable fishing practices highlights the community’s dedication to maritime traditions. The area is distinguished by rich fishing grounds, contributing to the sustenance and livelihood of its inhabitants.

Connection to Kaho‘olawe and Molokini

Kaho‘olawe and Molokini serve as vital components of Honua‘ula’s fishing heritage. Historically, fishermen from Honua‘ula traversed to these islands for their rich fishing locales. Both islands were included in Honua‘ula’s moku, providing essential resources for the local fishing communities. Post-World War II developments saw these lands transitioned for military training, leading to significant community protests advocating for the preservation of their cultural and natural resources (McGregor, 2007).

Economic Shifts and Land Use Changes

With the arrival of foreign trade and external commerce, the socio-political landscape of Honua‘ula shifted rapidly during the mid-19th century. Agricultural practices transitioned toward the cultivation of cash crops, notably Irish potatoes during the California Gold Rush era, significantly altering the traditional subsistence practices of Native Hawaiians (Maly, 2005).

Ranching Developments

Throughout the 1850s to 1920s, ranching emerged as a dominant economic force in Honua‘ula, profoundly shaping its landscape. Prominent figures like James Makee championed these ranching initiatives, and significant transition of land ownership facilitated further agricultural development (De Naiea, 2007).

Contemporary Challenges and Community Activism

In the latter half of the 20th century, heightened developments led to widespread obliteration of cultural sites, further exacerbated by military use during World War II. Despite these challenges, community groups persisted in activism aimed at preserving the vital cultural and historical character of the area. Notable efforts resulted in the establishment of the ‘Ähihi Kina‘u Natural Area Reserve and the Mäkena Pu‘u ‘Olai State Park, securing public access to significant regions and ensuring the continuation of traditional practices (De Naiea, 2007).

Stewardship of the Palauea Cultural Preserve

The management and care of Palauea have been set as paramount by OHA in collaboration with community stakeholders. Continuous community engagement aims to develop strategic preservation plans catering to local concerns about access and heritage site status. Recent initiatives include holding community meetings to ensure a comprehensive management plan aligns with cultural needs and historical significance (Six, 2013).

Timeline Summary of Palauea

  • 1940s: U.S. military's use of lands in Mäkena for training

  • 1950: ‘Ulupalakua Ranch begins selling land in Honua‘ula

  • 1969: Acknowledgment of Palauea for archaeological significance

  • 1970-1990: Seibu Hawai‘i acquires large parcels for resort development

  • March 1999: Establishment of Palauea Cultural Preserve

  • April 2013: Transfer of Preserve to OHA management.

In conclusion, the Palauea Cultural Preserve encapsulates the historical, cultural, and social narratives pivotal to Honua‘ula and serves as a vital resource for education, preservation, and cultural continuity for Native Hawaiians and the broader community.