Social Justification for Hunting
What’s the justification?
It’s a right
It’s ethical according to the land ethic
It’s something we enjoy
It’s natural
Where do animal rights come from?
Peters Singer’s marginal human argument (utilitarian)
Capcity for enjoyment/happiness and suffering
Tom Regan’s (NCSU alum: rights)
Subject-of-a-life (that matters to us)
Rationality
Intelligence
??
Regan vs Davis/Choone vs Lamey
Regan: veganism
Animal rights
Davis/Cahoone: beef/venison diet
Animal rights (versus farming)
Animal welfare (versus farming and life in the wild)
Ecological footprint
Lamey
Animal rights (numbers are wrong)
Beef workers (numbers are wrong)
Deliverate versus accidental killing
Is it a right in practice?
Lost ballot measures
Won constitutional guarantees
14…11 since 2000
AZ first rejection in 2010 (57% no)
NC in 2018

When is the land ethic justification?
When you need hunting to preserve ecological integrity, stability, and beauty
When is enjoyment justification?
Trophy
Sport
Recreation
Family
Food
Culture
Culture
Words can never describe how badly I miss him. Hunting season is coming up and I really don’t know if I can stand it without him. I do know I cherish the memories. I am so thankful I joined ‘his sport’ back in 1997… And the friendships made from our sport are equally as important. In closing I want to thank these friends for being there for me and our family through this difficult time.
There’s several Relay for Life cancer hunts and benefit hunts… somebody gets in a car wreck… they throw a field trial for it. And it’s a quick way—a quick, easy way to raise a couple of three thousands dollars or so.
When is naturalness justification?
Not when natural means “the way it was” or the “right way”
“Natural” changes
Ethically speaking, natural is often wrong
Maybe when the practice counters human isolation from nature
Connection to Nature
Yeah, I’d sit right there. If they would run right there in that block, around and around, I’d sit there all day long.
It’s Natural: Hunting to counter human alienation from nature
Why we need to see connections with nature

Alienation from nature
Urbanization
Technology
Capitalism
Capitalism and Commodity Fetishism
Commodities imbued with social meaning
Human-nature relationships hidden
Human-human relationships hidden
Efforts to roll back commodity fetishism
No child left inside, worker rights, animal welfare, hunting?
“We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us. When we see land as a community to which we belong, we may begin to use it with love and respect.”- Aldo Leopold
“If you really want to make a friend, go to someone’s house and eat with him… the people who give you their food give you their heart.”
How hunting counters commodity fetishism
Symbolic meaning of food rooted in pre-modern materiality instead of post-modern (fair trade, slow food, local food)
Faces the same threat of neo-liberal cooptation
Searching
Puts people in nature for extended periods of time
Producing food isn’t easy
Promotes ecological knowledge
Demonstrates the role of stochasticity in nature
Threats from modernity
Technology
Commodification
We have 5 classes of Bull Elk with hunts ranging from $2500.00 to $8000.00 depending on Boone and Crockett and/or SCI score, limited quantities available
Killing
Facing your food
Humans kill things to eat
Humans compete for food with other species
Threats from modernity
Technoogy
Commodificatoin
Hunting bans
Processing and Consuming
Food comes from nature
Wild food comes with a story
Wild game supper, Orion Windsor, supper etc
Threats from modernity
Technology
Commodification
Discussion
Ideally hunting highlights linkages between humans and nature
No hidden laborers
No hiding nature
No hiding death
Balancing between pre-modern and commodified
Local free range food, contribution to sustainability, linking modern society with nature
Or:

Questions?
Chitwood M.C., Peterson M.N., Deperno C.S. (2011) Assessing Dog Hunter Identity in Coastal North Carolina. Human Dimensions of Wildlife: An International Journal 16, 128 - 141.
Peterson M.N. (2004) An approach for demonstrating the social legitimacy of hunting. Wildl Soc Bull 32, 310-321.
Peterson M.N., Hansen H.P., Peterson M.J., Peterson T.R. (2011) How hunting strengthens social awareness of coupled human-natural systems. Wildlife Biology in Practice 6, 127- 143.