Intelligence and Testing Application Quiz


  • Intelligence:

    • Is often defined as the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

    • Is an abstract concept


  • Intelligence Test:

    • Tests for assessing a person’s mental abilities and comparing them with the abilities of other people, by means of numerical scores


  • Mental Age: 

    • Chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance 


  • Fixed Mindset:

    • Pattern of belief that thinks abilities and intelligence are set and cannot be significantly changed


  • Growth Mindset:

    • Believes that skills and intelligence can be developed through effort and learning, embracing challenges and seeing setbacks as opportunities to grow

         

  • IQ:

    • Intelligence quotient defined originally the ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100       

  • Factor Analysis:

    • Used to identify clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one’s total

    • Example = people who do well on vocabulary items also usually do well on paragraph comprehension

        

  • General Intelligence (G factor):

    • Spearman’s belief that there was a factor that underlies specific mental abilities and was therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test  

    • Specific intelligences tended to be positively correlated 

     

  • Savant Syndrome:

    • A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability haas an exceptional specific skill


  • Aptitude test:

    • Are designed to predict person’s future performance

    • Example = SAT

                

  • Achievement test:

    • A test designed to assess what a person has learned 

    • Example = Midterms, final exams

                         

  • Standardization:

    • Is a 2 part test development procedure that first establishes test norms by testing a representative sample of individuals who initially took the test then assures that the test is administered and scored correctly for all administrators


  • Normal Curve (understand how to identify percentiles, etc)

    • Where most scores occur in the middle

    • Percentiles = 0.1, 2, 16, 50, 84, 98, 99.9


  • Reliability:

    • Deals with consistency 

    • Do I always get similar results each time the test is administered?

               

  • Validity:

    • Deals with accuracy or predictability

    • Does the test measure what it is supposed to measure?


  • Content Validity:

    • Is a measure of the extent to which content of the test measures all of the knowledge or skills that are supposed to be included within the domain being tested

  • Predictive Validity:

    • The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is supposed to predict

    • Do high SAT scores correlate with high college grades?


  • Intellectual Disability:

    • Condition of limited mental ability indicated by an intelligence score of below 70 and difficulty adapting to the demands of life   

                    

  • Creativity:

    • Reacting to new situations and creating new ideas


  • Stereotype Threat:

    • Occurs when people are concerned about being judged by a negative stereotype, it can cause anxiety that depletes working memory and negatively impacts performance


  • Stereotype Lift

    • Occurs when groups perform better on a task because they are exposed to positive stereotypes about their groups which increases their confidence and causes them to perform better


  • Different Theories of Intelligence 

    • General Intelligence Theory

      • Proposed by Charles Spearman, this theory suggests that intelligence is a single, general ability that influences performance across various cognitive tasks. Spearman identified a common factor, called "g", which underlies all intellectual abilities, meaning that if someone is skilled in one area (e.g., math), they are likely to be skilled in others (e.g., problem-solving).


  • Multiple Intelligence Theory

    •  Developed by Howard Gardner, this theory argues that intelligence is not a single ability but rather a collection of distinct intelligences. Gardner originally proposed eight types of intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and existential. This theory challenges the idea of measuring intelligence through traditional IQ tests.


  • Triarchic Theory

    • Developed by Robert Sternberg, this theory proposes that intelligence consists of three components: 

      • Analytical Intelligence (problem-solving, logic, academic skills) 

      • Creative Intelligence (innovation, adaptability, new ideas) 

      • Practical Intelligence (street smarts, real-world problem-solving) Sternberg argued that intelligence is more than just academic ability and should include creativity and practical skills for everyday success.