L4.1-Triple I-CHAPTER 3-Research_Design_and_Methodology (student_s_copy)

Research Overview

  • Research Design and Methodology

    • Focus on the structure and approach to collecting, measuring, and analyzing data.

    • Importance of coherence and logic in addressing the research problem.

Research Method Details

  • Introductory Statement

    • Presentation of research method, design, population, sample, and research instruments.

    • Outline of data gathering procedures and statistical treatment.

Research Method and Techniques Used

  • Justification for Method and Design

    • Importance of appropriateness of the chosen research method and design.

  • Study Goals

    • Definition of the purpose of the study and its relevance to the chosen method and design.

    • Discussion of instruments used and target respondents.

Types of Research Designs

Quantitative Research Method

  1. Descriptive

    • Goal: Describe the sample/population; provides insight into characteristics.

  2. Correlational

    • Explores relationships between two or more variables.

    • Direction of Correlation:

      • Positive: Both variables change in the same direction.

      • Negative: Variables change in opposite directions.

      • Zero: No relationship exists.

  3. Causal-Comparative

    • Investigates relationships between independent and dependent variables.

    • Focuses on outcomes after an event has occurred without manipulating variables.

  4. Experimental

    • Aims to establish cause and effect between variables.

    • Involves manipulating independent variables in a controlled environment, usually with random group assignment.

Types of Experimental Designs

  • Quasi-Experimental

    • Participants are not randomly selected; aims at identifying cause-and-effect relationships without random assignment.

  • True Experimental

    • Participants are randomly selected, includes experimental and control groups, and tests treatment effects.

Qualitative Research Method

  1. Narrative

    • Exploring individual lives and human experiences as represented in text.

    • Example: A biographical study using past artifacts.

  2. Phenomenological

    • Understanding the essence of shared experiences; involves bracketing to avoid researcher bias.

    • Example: Experiences of breast biopsy patients or war veterans.

  3. Historical

    • Involves identifying, evaluating, and synthesizing past data, linking the past with the present and future.

    • Critiques:

      • External: Authenticity of data.

      • Internal: Accuracy of data.

    • Example: Reactions to epidemics over centuries.

  4. Case Study

    • Intensive investigation of a single entity, can offer insights into broader trends.

    • Example: Case studies on companies or educational institutions.

  5. Grounded Theory

    • Develops theory based on field data, focuses on processes and interactions.

    • Example: Coping strategies for chronic illness patients.

  6. Ethnography

    • Describes and interprets culture within a group, often involves living among subjects.

    • Example: Anthropological studies of cultural practices.

Mixed-Method Research

  • Definition: Combines multiple data collection methods or designs to enrich research findings.

Conclusion

  • A summary acknowledgment of the work done and thanking the audience.