Comprehensive Study Guide: Argumentative Texts and Kinds of Evidence

Fundamentals of Argumentative Texts

• Session Date Reference: 9.17.29
• Learning Objectives:
  • Definition & Explanation: Define and explain what an argumentative text is.
  • Component Identification: Identify the claim, reason, and evidence within an argument.
  • Structural Analysis: Analyse and examine how the parts of an argument work together.
• Core Principle of Argumentation:
  • A position without support is only a position.
  • An argument requires structural backing, represented by the following formulas:
    • $\text{Argument} = \text{Position} + \text{Reasons} + \text{Evidence}$
    • $\text{Argumentative Text} = [\text{Claim}] + \text{Reasons} + \text{Evidence}$
• Sample Position / Topic:
  • "school's hould limit the use of mobile phones duming does"

General Types of Evidence

• Date Reference: 9.29.24
• Anecdotal Evidence:
  • Definition: Evidence derived from personal stories or individual experiences.
• Argument From Authority:
  • Definition: Evidence originating from experts, professionals, or trusted organizations.
• Empirical Evidence:
  • Definition: Evidence based directly on data, research, observation, or measurement.
• Self Evidence:
  • Definition: Refers to a statement or concept that seems obviously true without needing much proof (or "bauch proof").

Kinds of Evidence in Argumentative Essays

• Date Reference: 9.30.24
• Factual Knowledge:
  • Definition: Information that is true and can be verified.
• Statistical Inference:
  • Definition: A conclusion based directly on numbers or data.
• Informed Opinion:
  • Definition: An opinion based on facts, knowledge, or careful thinking.
• Personal Testimony:
  • Definition: A first-hand experience or statement from someone who was directly involved.