End of Year Review Notes

Unit 1-America Pre-Europe

  • Americas was diverse before European intervention.

  • Combination of settled, nomadic, agricultural, fishing, and hunter/gathering societies.

    • Aztec in Mesoamerica.

    • Inca in South America.

    • Pueblo in New Mexico and Arizona (sedentary, stone rock-carved buildings).

    • Great Plains of Northern Central America had nomadic tribes.

    • Eastern Central areas had more rivers and societies were more advanced with access to such rivers.

    • Pacific Northwest and Northeast (Iroquois) had tribes who were fishing based and built log longhouses.

  • Maize (corn) spread from South America to North American and became a staple crop essentially everywhere.

  • European intervened (discovered) Americas as part of their maritime exploration.

    • Gold-wealth and colonies.

    • God-Spread Christianity.

    • Glory-More colonies and land means better empire.

Unit 1-Vocab

  • Columbian Exchange

  • Triangular Trade

  • Caste System

  • Encomienda

  • M’ita

  • Chattel

Unit 2-European Colonists

  • French want furs, friend, and forts.

    • Friendlier to indigenous people who helped them trap beaver furs.

    • Built forts for their smaller population of non-settlers.

  • Dutch want deals.

    • Henry Hudson discovered river and New Amsterdam (later New York) is colonized.

    • Very economic focus-not friendly but rather a contractual alliance with NA.

  • England wants land.

    • True settlers seeking land to stay on and build a new life.

    • Drove NA off their land.

  • Spanish want treasure, converts, and servants.

    • Wanted conquest.

    • Treasure in the form of silver and gold, converts through their Catholic mission, servants through their Encomienda and M’ita systems.

Unit 2-British Settlements

  • New England (Northern) Colonies

    • Most religious-seeking religious AND land to create farms.

    • Protestant and Puritan.

    • Everyone equal.

    • Fishing and and shipbuilding.

    • Plymouth Colony.

  • Mid-Atlantic (Middle) Colonies

    • Limited religious tolerance (for sects of Christianity).

    • Quakers and Catholics.

    • Staple crops and exports.

    • Hierarchy.

  • Southern (Southern) Colonies

    • Least Religious and most economic.

    • Church of England.

    • Cash crop focused (indigo, tobacco).

    • Hierarchy forms.

      • Jamestown, tobacco, and Bacon’s Rebellion.

  • Enlightenment spurs Great Awakening

    • Jonathan Edwards

      • Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

    • George Whitefield

Unit 2-Vocab

  • Jamestown

  • Enlightenment

  • 1st Great Awakening

  • 2nd Great Awakening

  • Calvanism

  • Arminianism

  • Deism

  • Pietism

Unit 3-Sparks of Revolution

  • Lack of Representation

  • Enlightenment ideals

    • John Locke

    • Thomas Paine’s Common Sense

  • Violence

    • 7 Years/French and Indian War

      • Force colonists to fight

    • Boston Massacre

  • Oppression

    • Colonists told to sit down and shut up

  • Lots of taxes

    • French and Indian War causes British debt, which they take out on colonists

    • Other taxes

      • Townshend Act

      • Sugar Act

      • Stamp Act

Unit 3-Formation of US Government

  • Articles of Confederation

    • Beta Constitution

    • Gave very little power to federal government

    • No president or Supreme Court

    • Shay’s Rebellion (and the slow response to it) shows need for more federal power

  • Federalists

    • Want new Constitution with more Federal power

    • Alexander Hamilton and sometimes James Madison

  • Anti-Federalists

    • Do not want the government to gain more power

    • Thomas Jefferson and sometimes James Madison

  • John Adams (Federalist) 2nd president

    • Tyrant of the US

    • Made unconstitutional use of his executive power

      • Alien and Sedition Acts

    • Thomas Jefferson takes a stance against him

      • Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Unit 3-Vocab

  • Proclamation Line of 1763

  • Salutary Neglect

  • Declaratory Act

  • Intolerable Acts

  • Articles of Confederation

  • Federalist

  • Anti-Federalist

  • Alien Act

  • Sedition Act

  • XYZ Affair

  • Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Unit 4-Jeffersonian Era

  • Revolution of 1800 transfers power peacefully

  • Jefferson 3rd President

    • Strict constructionist

    • Lowers federal power significantly

  • Marbury v. Madison

    • Establishes Supreme Court as having the final say to determine constitutionality of laws

  • Madison elected in 1809

    • Has to deal with war between French and English

    • Tries to maintain neutral stance

    • Backfires and leads to the War of 1812

  • Unhappy Immigrants

  • No National Bank

  • Weak infrastructure

  • Expansion

    • Missouri and Tallmadge Amendment

  • Latin American Revolution

  • Florida

  • Market Revolution

    • Industrial revolution, but for transport of goods and travel

  • Culture and Class

    • Development of middle class (further defined during later eras)

  • American System

    • Gov. funded improvements

  • Missouri Compromise

  • Monroe Doctrine

Unit 4-Jacksonian Era

  • Women expected to be good mothers and wives

    • Cult of Domesticity

      • Purity, piety, submissiveness, and domesticity

  • Jackson runs for president in 1824

    • Corrupt Bargain

  • Jackson becomes President in 1828

    • Champion of the people and common man

    • Intense hate for Native Americans and love for the south

      • Forcefully removes NA to give the South more land

    • Sets Tariff of 1828 to try and fix economy

      • South Carolina responds with threat of Nullification and succession

      • Jackson responds with Force Bill

    • Distrust of National Bank

      • Sets up Pet Banks

      • Redistributes money from National Bank into supportive state banks

  • Religious Reform

    • Mormonism

    • Utopian Societies

    • Second Great Awakening

  • Abolition

    • WIilliam Lloyd Garrison

    • Frederick Douglass

  • Temperance

    • Mostly women

  • Suffrage

    • Not most women

    • Elizabeth Cady Stanton

    • Susan B. Anthony

    • Lucretia Mott

    • Seneca Falls Convention

    • Declaration of Sentiments

Unit 4-Vocab

  • Revolution of 1800

  • Strict Constructionist

  • Louisiana Purchase

  • Marbury v. Madison

  • Non-Intercourse Act (Macon’s Bill #1)

  • Macon’s Bill #2

  • War Hawks

  • Tallmadge Amendment

  • Market Revolution

  • Missouri Compromise

  • Monroe Doctrine

  • American System

  • Diaspora

  • Ethnic Enclave

  • Cult of Domesticity

  • Panic of 1819

  • Democrats

  • Whigs

  • Corrupt Bargain

  • Tariff of 1828

  • Nullification

  • Force Bill

  • Trail of Tears

  • Pet Banks

Unit 5-Manifest Destiny and Civil War

  • Manifest Destiny

    • God’s Given Right to Take Land (Piety)

    • California Gold Rush (Prospectors)

    • Mormons migrate to Utah for religious freedom (polygamy)

    • Preemption Act gives government owned land to people if they move and live there (Preemption)

    • Presidents seek to expand size of US (Polk)

      • Annex Texas, California, and New Mexico from Mexico in Mexican- American War

  • Numerous factors lead to Civil War

    • Kansas-Nebraska Act

      • Kansas and Nebraska are new states and need to determine slavery status

      • Will decide via Popular Sovereignty

      • Goes against Missouri Compromise

      • Leads to Bleeding Kansas

    • Compromise of 1850

      • Establishes California as a free state

      • Utah and New Mexico through popular sovereignty

      • Banned slave trade in DC

      • Enslaved runaways must be returned to South from North

      • No one is happy

Unit 5-Reconstruction

  • Lincoln dies before he can implement 10 Percent Plan

    • Bare minimum requirements to reintegrate the South

    • Maintains unity

  • Andrew Johnson a big dingus and succeeds him

    • Feels like the South should be punished

    • Also Racist

    • Further separation between North and South

  • Reconstruction era South

    • Federal military set up and oversees implementation of new Amendments and laws

    • Creation of Freedmen’s Bureau

    • South feels crippled

  • Compromise of 1877 ends Reconstruction

    • Rutherford B. hayes granted Southern votes in exchange for removing federal troops from the South

  • South Returns to old ways

    • Sharecropping

    • Black Codes

  • Establishment of Jim Crow South

Unit 5-Vocab

  • Preemption Act

  • Wilmot Proviso

  • Free Soil Movement

  • Popular Sovereignty

  • Kansas-Nebraska Act

  • Bleeding Kansas

  • Uncle Tom’s Cabin

  • Compromise of 1850

  • John Brown and Harpers Ferry

  • Dred Scott

  • Republican

  • 10th Amendment

  • 13th Amendment

  • 14th Amendment

  • 15th Amendment

  • 10 Percent Plan

  • Reconstruction

  • Freedmen's Bureau

  • Sharecropping

  • Black Codes

  • Carpetbagger

  • Compromise of 1877

Unit 6-New South (Jim Crow South)

  • Jim Crow South

    • Harsh environment for the newly freed

    • Most post Civil War laws are ignored

    • Ku Klux Klan in full force

      • Racially motivated attacks are common

    • Enforcement Act passed by Congress

      • Gave federal jurisdiction to any hate crime performed by a group

    • United States v. Cruikshank

      • Establishes that Enforcement Act can only apply to government groups, not private groups (like the Ku Klux Klan)

    • Civil Rights Act of 1875 is passed

      • Bans segregation in public facilities as n extension of the 14th Amendment

    • Plessy v. Ferguson

      • Establishes the Civil Rights Act of 1875 as unconstitutional

      • Sets up separate but equal precedent

Unit 6-Gilded Age

  • Social Darwinism is a common belief

  • Government takes a hands-off approach (Laissez-faire)

    • Capitalism will work best for the most people without any intervention (is the belief)

    • Results in a lack of workers’ rights

  • American Imperialism

    • Extension of Manifest Destiny

    • Cannot expand westward anymore, so we look overseas

    • Looking for raw materials

    • William Jennings Bryan very against American Imperialism

  • Politicians gain power through nepotism and political favors

  • The wealth gap between the rich and poor grows wider

  • Most urban workers live in tenements

  • The wealthy make over the top displays of their wealth (opulence)

    • Conspicuous Consumption

  • Another surge in immigration and Nativism

  • Industrial jobs open up to women, children, and immigrants

  • Despite wealth gap, everyone experiences economic growth

    • Quality of life improves

  • Politicians grow complacent and timid

    • Populist party becomes popular

      • Promise reform for the common people

      • Spurs action from the Democrats and Republicans

Unit 6-Vocab

  • Jim Crow

  • Enforcement Act

  • Colefax Riot

  • United States v. Cruikshank

  • Civil Rights Act of 1875

  • One Drop Rule

  • Eugenics

  • Plessy v. Ferguson

  • 10 Percent Plan

  • Nativism

  • Conspicuous Consumption

  • Laissez-Faire Capitalism

  • Patronage System

  • Populist

Unit 7-Imperialism, Progressivism, and WW1

  • America had several arguments in favor of Imperialism

    • Social Darwinism

    • White Man’s Burden

    • Inventory for Factories

    • Nationalism

    • God

  • Theodore Roosevelt was a big supporter of American Imperialism

    • Made use of Big Stick Diplomacy to get what the US wanted

    • Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine stated that Europe cannot intervene in Western nations, but the US could to preserve order

    • Made many progressive reforms

      • Square Deal and 3 Cs

  • Taft and Dollar Diplomacy

  • Woodrow WIlson’s Missionary Diplomacy

  • WW1 breaks out

    • US making money by selling materials to both sides

      • Preference to Britain

    • Takes a stance of Armed Neutrality

    • German attacks on US ships and the Zimmerman Telegram bring US into war

    • Introduces the draft and Liberty bonds

    • Also reinstates the Sedition Act

Unit 7-Roaring 20s

  • 20s

    • Harlem Renaissance=Surge in African inspired art by black artists during Great Migration

      • Original purpose to push Civil Rights movement

    • Opportunities for women after the war

      • Evolution of rights and expression

        • Flappers

    • Consumer advertising starts up

    • Automobiles become more common

    • The assembly line spreads mass production and the lowering of prices

    • Alcohol is banned via 18th Amendment

    • Radios become common

      • Unite the US people through shared programs

      • Also displays the distinctions between states

    • A surge of immigrants and nativism

    • Great Depression happens near the end of the 20s due to overproduction and deflation

Unit 7-Great Depression, WW2

  • Many people blamed Herbert Hoover for not taking enough steps to halt the Great Depression

  • FDR came into office and made many progressive reforms to help the economy

    • New Deal and 3 Rs

  • WW1 helps buff up economy

  • A lot of similarities to WW1

    • Total war

    • US took a neutral, isolated approach and was slow to join

    • Army still segregated

      • African Americans thought they could prove their worth in the war

      • Double V campaign

  • Differences

    • Draft began before the US joined the war

    • Bracero initiative to help with agricultural labor

    • Japanese internment camps

      • Korematsu v. United States

        • Supreme Court ruled internment was constitutional during times of emergency

        • Later rescinded this decision in the 80s

Unit 7-Vocab

  • Big Stick Diplomacy

  • Roosevelt Corollary

  • Square Deal and 3 Cs

    • Conservation

    • Control of Corporations

    • Consumer Protection

  • Dollar Diplomacy

  • Missionary Diplomacy

  • New Deal and 3 Rs

    • Relief for unemployed

    • Reform for economy

    • Recovery for businesses

  • Hawley Smoot Tariff

  • Hooverville

  • Limited Welfare State

  • Civilian Conservation Corp.

  • Bracero Initiative

  • Double V Campaign

  • Korematsu v. United States