Freud – Psychosexual Development & Personality Structure

Page 1

  • Psychosexual Development Theory (title page)

Page 2

  • Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), Austrian neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis.

Page 3

  • Personality theory stresses unconscious fears, desires, motivations.

  • Psychoanalysis = personality theory + psychotherapy method.

  • Comprised of three major parts.

Page 4

  • Structure of personality: \text{id}, \text{ego}, \text{superego}.

  • Dynamics: conscious/unconscious motivation, ego-defence mechanisms.

  • Psychosexual development: stage-linked motives & body zones → adult traits.

Page 5

Stages & ages

  • Oral: 0-1\,\text{yr}

  • Anal: 1-3\,\text{yr}

  • Phallic: 3-6\,\text{yr}

  • Latency: 6-\text{puberty}

  • Genital: \text{puberty} \rightarrow adulthood

Page 6

  • Personality grows through stages as libidinal (psychosexual) energy shifts to erogenous zones.

  • Libido = driving force of behaviour.

Page 7

  • Successful completion ⇒ healthy personality.

  • Unresolved conflicts ⇒ fixation at that stage.

Page 8–9 (Oral Stage)

  • Primary zone: mouth; gratification via sucking.

Page 10–12 (Anal Stage)

  • Pleasure from anal region; withholding/passing feces.

  • Toilet training introduces societal demands for control.

Page 13–15 (Phallic Stage)

  • Self-stimulation of genitals.

  • Child notices sex differences; begins gender identification & sexuality awareness.

Page 16–18 (Latency Stage)

  • Sexual interests repressed/sublimated.

  • Focus on skills, peers, learning; urges relatively quiet.

Page 19–21 (Genital Stage)

  • Puberty onward: mature sexual interests; pleasure in heterosexual relations.

  • Adolescent leaves childhood dependencies; seeks adult intimacy.

Page 22

  • Personality = \text{id} + \text{ego} + \text{superego}.

Page 23–24

  • Id: pleasure principle.

  • Ego: reality principle; compromises.

  • Superego: perfection / morality principle.

Page 25–26 (Id)

  • Present at birth; storehouse of biological urges (hunger, sex, elimination).

  • Seeks immediate gratification; ignores reality & environment.

Page 27–29 (Ego)

  • Develops from id; mediator between id & superego.

  • Reality-based, delays gratification (secondary-process thinking).

  • Controls/regulates instinctual desires.

Page 30–31 (Superego)

  • Internalised societal values; conscience (right vs wrong).

  • Strives for ideal, not real.

Page 32–33 (Levels of Consciousness)

  • Conscious: current awareness; functions when awake; ~\tfrac{1}{9} of mind.

  • Preconscious: easily retrievable memories; gatekeeper blocking painful material.

  • Unconscious: largest; repressed drives & memories; primary-process, pleasure principle; surfaces via dreams, slips.

Page 34–37 (Unconscious continued)

  • Storehouse of lifetime memories & affects.

  • Lacks sense of time/logic; seeks immediate gratification.

  • Content reaches consciousness when censor weakens (e.g., dreams).