FOUN10001 Lectures

Course Information

  • Instructor: Dr. Jonathan Agger

  • Room: 1.060

  • Telephone: 54681

  • Email: j.agger@manchester.ac.uk

  • Course Codes: FOUN10001 - Inorganic and Part I of Physical Chemistry

Recommended Reading

  1. Engineering Mathematics (5th Edition)

    • Authors: Stroud, Booth

    • 2001, Palgrave Macmillan

    • ISBN: 978-0-33-391939-2

    • Recommended as the best tuition maths book ever written.

  2. Chemistry3 (3rd Edition)

    • Authors: Burrows, Holman, Parsons, Pilling, Price

    • 2017, Oxford University Press

    • ISBN: 978-0-19-873380-5

    • A solid, all-round undergraduate chemistry textbook.

  3. Inorganic Chemistry (4th Edition)

    • Authors: Housecroft, Sharpe

    • 2012, Pearson

    • ISBN: 978-0-27-374275-3

    • Provides a clearly written, beautifully illustrated introduction to core physical-inorganic principles.

  4. Quantum, Einstein, Bohr and the Great Debate About the Nature of Reality

    • Author: Kumar

    • 2009, Icon Books

    • ISBN: 978-1-84-831035-3

    • An epic tale of mankind’s struggle to understand reality.

  5. Atkins’ Physical Chemistry (11th Edition)

    • Authors: Atkins, de Paula, Keeler

    • 2017, Oxford University Press

    • ISBN: 978-0-19-876986-6

    • The bible of undergraduate physical chemistry.

  6. Student Solutions Manual to Accompany Atkins’ Physical Chemistry (11th Edition)

    • Authors: Bolgar, Lloyd, North, Oleinikovas, Smith, Keeler

    • 2018, Oxford University Press

    • ISBN: 978-0-19-880777-3

    • Student solutions manual.

Detailed Learning Objectives

Fundamental Concepts

  • Understand the Greek alphabet.

  • Know the symbols and nature of elementary particles:

    • Electrons and Protons: Equal and opposite charges.

    • Neutrons: Similar mass to protons, approximately 1800 times more than electrons.

Atomic Structure

  1. Use atomic symbols and understand their meanings.

  2. Describe J.J. Thomson's apparatus for discovering the electron.

  3. Discuss the plum pudding model of the atom.

  4. Explain Rutherford's gold foil experiment and its implications:

    • Most of the atom is empty space.

  5. Understand emission spectra and their applications.

  6. Describe and calculate the emission spectrum of hydrogen.

  7. Explain Bohr's model of the atom and orbital characteristics.

  8. Calculate properties of photons: energy, frequency, wavelength.

  9. Familiarize with quantum mechanics basics and quantum digits pertaining to electrons.

Periodic Table & Bonding

  • Understand periodic table structure and periodicity of atomic properties (e.g., radius, ionization energy).

  • Explain Lewis structures and VSEPR theory for molecular shapes.

  • Characteristics of core vs. valence electrons.

  • Understand electronegativity, hydrogen bonding, and properties of water.

  • Isotopes: Understanding and describing isotopes, relative atomic mass, and Avogadro's number.

  • Know mass spectrometer operation and interpret spectra.

Radioactivity

  • Types of radioactivity and writing nuclear equations.

  • Understand the band of stability, mass defect, decay equations, and half-life calculations.

  • Uses of radioactivity.

X-ray Diffraction

  • Operation of powder X-ray diffractometer and utilizing the Bragg equation.

Solid Structures

  • Types of solids: metallic, giant covalent, molecular, and ionic.

  • Understand structures and properties of materials.

  • Describe allotropy of carbon and properties.

Units & Measurements

  • Understand SI base units and compound units.

  • Familiarity with the electromagnetic spectrum and gas laws.

Gas Laws & Kinetic Theory

  • Gases' behaviors (Boyle's Law, Charles’ Law, Avogadro’s Law, Graham’s Law).

  • Understand kinetic theory basics: particle motion, collisions, properties of gases including effusion and diffusion.

Phase Diagrams

  • Understand phase diagrams and critical points related to temperature and pressure conditions for matter.

Greek Alphabet Table

Letter

Symbol

Letter

Symbol

Alpha

α

Nu

ν

Beta

β

Xi

ξ

Gamma

γ

Omicron

ο

Delta

δ

Pi

π

Epsilon

ε

Rho

ρ

Zeta

ζ

Sigma

σ

Eta

η

Tau

τ

Theta

θ

Upsilon

υ

Iota

ι

Phi

φ

Kappa

κ

Chi

χ

Lambda

λ

Psi

ψ

Mu

μ

Omega

ω

Definitions

  • Chemistry: The branch of science that deals with the investigation of the substances of matter and the phenomena of combination and change.

  • Atom Structure: Comprised of protons, neutrons, and electrons, with specifics on charge and mass ratios.

Key Discoverers

  • Electron: J.J. Thomson, discovered 1897.

  • Neutron: James Chadwick, discovered 1920.

  • Proton: Ernest Rutherford, confirmed in 1918.

Significant Discoveries

  • Thomson's Apparatus: Investigating cathode rays and their deflection.

  • Plum Pudding Model: Description of atom structure.

  • Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment: Revolutionized the understanding of atomic structure.