The structure of DNA:

DNA Structure & Function 🧬

• DNA = Long chain of nucleotides joined by covalent bonds. 🔗

• Nucleotide parts:

• Phosphate group ⚪

• Sugar (deoxyribose) 🍬

• Nitrogen base (A, T, C, G) 🧩

Base Pairing Rules 🔄

• A pairs with T (💙❤)

• C pairs with G (💚💛)

• Chargaff’s Rule: A = T, C = G

DNA Structure 🌀

• Double helix (twisted ladder) 🔬

• Sides = Sugar + Phosphate (📏📏)

• Rungs = Base pairs (🧩🧩)

• Strands run opposite directions (↔)

Bonds 🏗

• Within a strand: Covalent bonds (strong) 💪

• Between strands: Hydrogen bonds (weaker) 🤝

Discoveries 🔍

• Franklin: X-ray shows DNA is a helix 📸

• Watson & Crick: Built the double helix model 🏗