Botany terms
Anther: The part of the stamen that produces pollen.
Apical Dominance: The suppression of lateral bud growth by the terminal bud.
Auxins: Plant hormones that promote cell growth and elongation.
Berry: A fleshy fruit developed from a compound ovary with multiple seeds.
Calyx: All the sepals of a flower collectively.
Catabolism: Enzymatic reactions that break bonds and release energy.
Chlorophyll: A pigment in green plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
Cotyledons: Seed leaves that are the first to enlarge during germination.
Critical Day Length: The maximum or minimum day length required for a plant to initiate flowering.
Cytokinins: Plant hormones that promote cell division.
Dehiscent Fruit: A dry fruit that splits open at maturity to release seeds.
Differentiation: The process by which cells develop different forms and functions.
Diffusion: The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
Diploid: Having two sets of chromosomes (2n).
Drupe: A fleshy fruit with a single seed enclosed in a stony endocarp (pit).
Endocarp: The inner boundary around seeds in a fruit.
Ethylene: A plant hormone that regulates fruit ripening and senescence.
Exocarp: The outer skin of a fruit.
Filament: The stem-like structure that supports the anther in a stamen.
Gametophyte: The haploid generation in plants that produces gametes.
Gibberellins: Plant hormones that stimulate stem elongation and seed germination.
Gravitropism: Growth in response to gravity.
Haploid: Having one set of chromosomes (n).
Indehiscent Fruit: A dry fruit that does not split open at maturity; the seed remains enclosed.
Meiosis: The type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes in sex cells (gametes).
Mesocarp: The fleshy tissue between the endocarp and exocarp in a fruit.
Osmosis: The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane.
Ovary: The base of the pistil in a flower, where ovules develop.
Pedicle: The stalk that connects the flower to the stem.
Pericarp: The outer wall of a fruit, derived from the ovary wall.
Petals: The brightly colored portions of a flower that attract pollinators.
Photoperiodism: The regulation of physiology and development in response to day length.
Phototropism: Growth towards a light source.
Pistil: The female reproductive structure in a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.
Plumule: The rudimentary stem in a seed embryo.
Radicle: The rudimentary root in a seed embryo.
Receptacle: The part of the flower stalk where the flower parts are attached.
Scarification: The process of damaging the seed coat to promote germination.
Seed Coat: The protective outer covering of a seed.
Senescence: The process of aging and eventual death in plant cells or organs.
Sepals: The green, leaf-like structures beneath the petals of a flower.
Sporophyte: The diploid generation in plants that produces spores.
Stamen: The male reproductive structure in a flower, consisting of the anther and filament.
Stigma: The receptive surface at the top of the pistil that receives pollen.
Style: The stalk connecting the stigma to the ovary in a flower.
Translocation: The movement of sugars from a source to a sink in plants.
Transpiration: The evaporation of water from the stomata of plants.
Tropisms: Permanent plant movements in response to external stimuli.
Turgid: Firm or swollen due to water pressure in plant cells.