8th Grade Religion Final Exam

{{Theological Vocabulary{{

1. Abraam - Hebrew for “father of a multitude”, and founder of the nation of Israel.  He was the first to receive a personal call from God, and is an Old Testament model of faith.
2. Angel - spiritual creature who glorifies God without ceasing.  They possess perfect reasoning and free will.  Comes from the Greek word meaning “messenger”.
3. Annunciation - The visit of the Archangel Gabriel to announce that she would be the Mother of God.  Feast Day is March 25.
4. Apostolic Succession - the truth that the bishops of the Church wo, through their ordination, can trace their authority in an uninterrupted, unbroken chain of succession directly back to the Apostles and Christ.
5. Ascension - Christ’s return to heaven 40 days after His resurrection.
6. Assumption - the dogma that teaches that the Blessed Virgin Mary was taken body and soul into heaven immediately upon her death.
7. Baptism - the first of the seven sacraments.  It incorporates a person into the Body of Christ, the Church.
8. Canonization - the Church’s official process by which she declares someone a saint.
9. Catechumenate - a process used in the early Church to educate and prepare those who wished to become Catholic.  Today the process is called RCIA or the Rite of Christian Initiation for Adults.
   10. Catholic - Greek meaning “universal”.  It is also the name of the universal Church established by Christ.
   11. Christ - Greek for anointed**; used to refer to Jesus because he accomplished perfectly the divine mission of priest, prophet, and king.**
   12. Church - the entire assembly of the people of God all over the world; comes from the Greek word ekklesia.
   13. Communion of Saints - the unity in Christ of all the redeemed, especially those on earth and those who have died and are in heaven or Purgatory.
   14. Confirmation - one of the Sacraments of Initiation; it completes the Baptismal cycle by a special outpouring of the gifts of the Holy Spirit.
   15. Covenant - a  solemn promise between people or between God and man.
   16. Deposit of Faith - the definitive revelation of Christ given to the Apostles, and through them, to the entire Church as Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition.
   17. Divine Inspiration - the special guidance that the Holy Spirit gave to the human authors of the Bible to ensure that there are no errors in God's Word.
   18. Divine Revelation - God making Himself known to us.  The two sources of Divine Revelation are Sacred Scripture and Sacred Tradition.
   19. Dogma - a revealed truth solemnly defined by the Magisterium of the Church.  Examples include the Incarnation, the death and resurrection of Christ, and the Immaculate Conception.
   20. Ecumenism - the efforts to reunite all Christians on earth and to cooperate among faith traditions in achieving common goals.
   21. Eucharist - comes from the Greek word meaning thanksgiving; the Sacrament by which bread and wine are consecrated by a priest and become the true Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity of Jesus.
   22. Evangelization - the mission given by Christ to the apostles to preach the gospel to the whole world and make converts in every nation.
   23. Faith - the theological virtue by which one believes in all that God has revealed.
   24. Four Marks of the Church - the four characteristics of the Church mentioned in the Nicene Creed; they are one, holy, catholic, and apostolic.
   25. Heaven - the eternal state of supreme happiness with God.
   26. Hell - the eternal state of separation and exclusion from God’s presence; the dwelling of Satan and the other fallen angels.
   27. Heresy - the obstinate denial by a baptized person of some truth that must be believed with divine faith.  Examples include that Jesus was never crucified or rose from the dead.
   28. Holy Orders - the sacrament by which men are ordained to the priesthood or the diaconate.
   29. Idolatry - the worship of idols, or false gods.
   30. Immaculate Conception - the dogma defined by Pope Pius IX in 1854 that states that from the moment of her conception in her mother’s womb, Mary was free from the stain of original sin.
   31. Incarnation - from the Latin meaning to become flesh**, the mystery of the union of both the divine and human natures in the person of Jesus Christ.**
   32. Indulgence - the remission before God of the temporal punishment due to the sin whose guilt has already been forgiven.
   33. Infallibility - the gift given by the Holy Spirit to keep the Church free from error in the matter of faith and morals.
   34. Kingdom of God - the spiritual kingdom that begins here on earth and is perfected at the end of time; it is a kingdom of love, peace, and justice.
   35. Laity - the faithful who have been made a part of the People of God through Baptism; anyone who is not a priest or religious.
   36. Last Supper - the meal during which Jesus instituted the Eucharist; the last meal Jesus shared with his apostles in the upper room before his death.
   37. Liturgical colors - colors that represent certain seasons in the Church year.  Colors include green (Ordinary Time), white or gold (Christmas and Easter), red (feast days of martyrs and Holy Week), violet / purple (Advent and Lent).
   38. Liturgy - comes from the Greek word meaning a public work**.  It refers to the official public prayer of the Church.**
   39. Magisterium - the highest official teaching authority of the Church, which is entrusted to the pope and bishops together.
   40. Manna - wafer-like bread that tasted like honey which came down from heaven the Hebrews on their journey through the desert.
   41. Martyr - come from the Greek meaning  witness; someone who suffers or dies for the sake of Christ.
   42. Mass - the Catholic Church’s most important act of worship established by Christ at the Last Supper.
   43. Nicene Creed - the statement of beliefs that was developed at the Council of Nicaea (325 AD) and clarified at the Council of Constantinople (381 AD).
   44. Novena - a devotional prayer to a particular saint or group of saints, usually done over nine days, seeking their intercession for a particular need.
   45. Original Sin - the sin of Adam and Eve that separated mankind from God; it was the loss of the grace of original justice and holiness.
   46. Paschal Mystery - the work of redemption accomplished through Jesus’ Passion, death, resurrection, and ascension.
   47. Penance - another name for the Sacrament of God’s forgiveness of sins that reconcile us to Himself.
   48. Pentecost - the birthday of the Church, when the Holy Spirit descended on the apostles in the upper room after Jesus’ Ascension into heaven.
   49. Pope - the successor of St. Peter, the Bishop of Rome, the Vicar of Christ; the supreme authority and shepherd of the entire Catholic Church worldwide.
   50. Prayer - a conversation with God.
   51. Precepts of the Church  - Laws that must be followed by all Catholics.  An example includes going to Mass every Sunday and Holy Days of Obligation.
   52. Purgatory - a state of final purification after death but before entrance into heaven for those who have died in a state of grace that are imperfectly purified.
   53. Redemption - the act of Jesus in suffering, dying, and rising to secure our salvation.
   54. Resurrection - Jesus rising from the dead after three days; confirms all of Jesus’ teachings
   55. Sacrament - outward signs of grace given to us by God through which we share in God’s divine life.
   56. Sacramentals - material objects, things, or actions set apart or blessed by the Church to help bring people closer to God by increasing respect for the Sacraments. Examples include rosaries, blessed medals, scapulars, and holy cards.
   57. Sacred Scripture - another name for the Bible.  It is the written record of God’s Divine Revelation to His people, written by humans under the guidance of the Holy Spirit.
   58. Saint - men and women who have lived lives of extraordinary faith and heroic virtue and who have been officially declared to be in heaven forever.
   59. Sanctifying Grace - the free gift given to us by God through the sacraments which gives us a share in God’s divine life.
   60. Schism - a  break or rupture in the unity of the Church.
   61. Saint Peter - chosen by Christ Himself to be the first pope and head of the Church.
   62. Saint Thomas Aquanis - the patron saint of Catholic theology, came up with the Five Ways that reason could be used to prove the existence of God.
   63. The Ten Commandments - the moral code God gave to the Hebrews at Mount Sinai; also known as the Decalogue.
   64. Theological Virtues - the gifts of faith, hope, and charity given to us by God through Baptism.
   65. Tradition - refers to the Church’s teachings that were given by Christ to the apostles and passed down to their successors through the ages.  It includes our creeds, the documents of the Church (like encyclicals from the pope), and the liturgy.
   66. Transubstantiation - the miracle by which Euchraistic bread and wine become the Body and Blood. Soul and Divinity of Jesus through the power of the Holy Spirit.
   67. Trinity - the mystery of God as three Divine Persons yet still one God.
   68. Vatican II - an ecumenical council held from 1962 - 1965 guided by Pope John XXIII and Pope Paul VI.
   69. Virtue -  behavior showing high moral standards
   70. Worship -  praise

{{Popes of the Church:{{

Pius VIII - carved out four dioceses from original diocese in Baltimore

Pius IX - called First Vatican Council (short lived); called himself “prisoner  

               of the Vatican” due to the loss of the Papal States

Leo XIII - wrote 85 encyclicals one of which was the greatest Catholic 

                Social Justice Encyclical 

Pius X - declared children should receive First Holy Communion as soon as 

              they were old enough to understand that Christ was truly present 

              in the Eucharist.  Also encouraged Catholics to frequently 

              receive Holy Communion.  Called for reforms in Church liturgy and

              music as well as encouraging active participation in the Mass for

              laity.  Canonized a saint in 1954.

Pius XI - Wrote encyclical based on the encyclical of Pope Leo on social 

               justice calling for a just society written in response to the Great

               Depression.   Notable, Pius XI entered into the Lateran Treaty 

                 with both Hitler and Mussolini, which recognized the Vatican as 

                 an independent, sovereign state.  Pius XI issued an encyclical in

                 1937 condemning the Nazis’ racist ideology.

Pius XII - Leads Church through World War II, appointing an archbishop 

                for the military services of the United States. Strongly criticized

                Nazis and spoke out against communism in post war years.

John XXIII - Called the Second Vatican Council to study the unchanging 

                  truths of Christian faith - Scriptures and teachings of the early

                  Fathers of the Church - and communicate those truths in ways

                  understandable to people in the modern world.  Canonized a 

                   saint April 27, 2014.  Notably wrote a second social justice

                   encyclical.

Paul VI - Continued the work started by John XXIII, continuing the Second 

                  Vatican Council. Noted as the most international traveled pope 

                   of the Church, he encouraged social justice internationally 

                   through letters, encyclicals, and travels.  Pope Paul VI was

                    beatified by the Church in 2014.

{{Books of the Bible:{{

2 Sections:

• Old Testament
• New Testament

73 Total Books:

• 46 books - Old Testament
• 27 - New Testament

Purpose:

• Old Testament - God’s relationship with his people
• New Testament - Teaching’s of Jesus

{{Prayers:{{

%%Jesus Prayer%%

Lord Jesus, Son of God, have mercy on me, a sinner. Amen.

%%Hail, Holy Queen%%

Hail, Holy Queen, Mother of Mercy,

our life, our sweetness, and our hope.

To thee we cry, poor banished children of Eve,

to thee we send up our sighs,

mourning and weeping in this valley of tears.

Turn, then, O most gracious advocate,

thine eyes of mercy towards us, and after this, our exile,

show unto us the blessed fruit of your womb, Jesus.

O clement, O loving, O sweet Virgin Mary

Pray for us, O holy Mother of God that we may be made worthy

of the promises of Christ.  Amen.

%%Glory Be to the Father%%

Glory be to the Father \n and to the Son \n and to the Holy Spirit, \n as it was in the beginning \n is now, and ever shall be \n world without end.

%%Our Father%%

Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name; thy kingdom come; thy will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread; and forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us; and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen.

%%Hail Mary%%

Hail Mary full of Grace, the Lord is with thee. Blessed are thou amongst women and blessed is the fruit of thy womb Jesus. Holy Mary Mother of God, pray for us sinners now and at the hour of our death Amen.

%%Apostles’ Creed%%

I believe in God, the Father almighty, Creator of heaven and earth,

and in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord,

who was conceived by the Holy Spirit,

born of the Virgin Mary,

suffered under Pontius Pilate,

was crucified, died and was burried;

he descended into hell;

on the third day he rose again from the dead;

he ascended into heaven,

and is seated at the right hand of God the Father almighty;

from there he will come to judge the living and the dead.

I believe in the Holy Spirit,

the holy catholic Church,

the communion of saints,

the forgiveness of sins,

the resurrection of the body,

and life everlasting. Amen.

%%Prayer to the Holy Spirit%%

Come, Holy Spirit, fill the hearts of your faithful. And kindle in them the fire of your love. Send forth Your Spirit, and they shall be created. And you will renew the face of the earth.  Amen.

%%Nicean Creed%%

I believe in one God, the father almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all things visible and invisible. I believe in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only begotten son of God, born of the father before all ages. God from God, light from light, to God from true God, begotten, not made, consubstantial with the father; for him all things were made. For us men and for our salvation he came down from heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate, he suffered death and was buried, and rose again on the third day in accordance with the scriptures. He ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the father. He will come again and glory to judge the living and the dead and his kingdom will have no end. I believe in the Holy spirit, the lord, The Giver of life, who proceeds from the father and the son, who at the father and the son is adored and glorified, has spoken through the prophets. I believe in one, holy, Catholic and Apostolic church. I confess one baptism for the Forgiveness of sins and I look forward to the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come. amen.

{{Ten Commandments:{{

list commandments in order and explain how the church interprets the meaning of each commandment today

1. I am the Lord your God: you shall not have strange gods before me.

     1.  We must believe in God and make Him first in our lives  Nothing should be more important 

              than God including popularity or money.

2. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain.

     1.  Respecting the name of God, but it goes further in that we must respect the many names 

              given to God, Mary and the saints.  We, too, must respect the names of each other given

              at baptism.

3. Remember to keep holy the Lord’s Day

     1. In living out this commandment, we as members of the Church must gather together for 

              Mass every Sunday (or evening before) with our parish community.

4. Honor your mother and father.

     1. We are called to honor and respect those most closely connected to us which includes our

               parents, siblings, and relatives; but also others incharge of us such as teachers and others

               in authority.

5. You shall not kill.

     1. Our responsibility is to love, care for, and protect the gift of life in order to practice this

              commandment.

6. You shall not commit adultery.

     1. Besides requiring married couples to commit their lives together, this commandment also

              reminds us to practice the virtue of chastity and use our human sexuality in a responsible

              and faithful way, a way in which we integrate our sexuality and our spirituality in a unity of

              body and spirit.

7. You shall not steal.

     1. Living out this commandment means giving people the things that are rightfully

               theirs. This commandment is based on justice and respecting the rights of others.

8. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.

     1. Follow this commandment and you will not lie or say falsehoods about others.

9. You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife.

     1. This commandment obligates us to become more aware of our human sexuality 

               that God has given us and the emotions, feeling, and desires, and temptations 

               that may go with it.  To follow this commandment, we must protect our desires

               feelings and intentions and to realize it is wrong to desire someone or something

               unreasonably.

10. You shall not covet your neighbor’s goods.

     1. We must look into our hearts to examine our thoughts and feelings, especially our

              feelings towards the possessions, qualities, and abilities of others.  This commandment

              obligates us to thank God for what we have, to work for what we need, and to help

               others to have what they need.

{{Seven Sacraments:{{

List and Know the Purpose of each sacrament

• Baptism
  • Baptism is the sacrament that frees us from Original Sin and personal sin, makes us children of God, and welcomes us into the Church.
• Confirmation
  • Confirmation is the sacrament in which we are sealed with the Gift of the Holy Spirit.
• Eucharist
  • The Eucharist is the sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ in which Jesus is truly presented under the appearance of bread and wine.
• Penance/Reconciliation
  • Penance and Reconciliation is the sacrament by which our relationship with God and the Church is restored and our sins are forgiven.
• Anointing of the Sick
  • Anointing of the Sick is the sacrament by which God’s grace and comfort by which God’s grace and comfort are given to those who are suffering because of their old age or because of serious illnesses.
• Holy Orders
  • Holy Orders is the sacrament in which baptized men are ordained to serve the Church as deacons, priests, and bishops.
• Matrimony
  • Matrimony is the sacrament in which a baptized man and women promise to be faithful to each other for the rest of their lives and serve their family and the Church.

{{Precepts of the Church:{{

list and explain

• You shall attend Mass on Sundays and Holy Days of Obligation and rest from servile labor.
• You shall confess your sins at least once a year
• You shall receive the Sacrament of the Eucharist at least during the Easter season.
• You shall observe the days of fasting and abstinence established by the Church.
• You shall help provide for the needs of the Church.