Filtration, evaporation, cystallisation, distillation

A solvent is a liquid in which substances can dissolve.

Evaporation

Model answer

First, pour the solution into an evaporating dish and heat it using a Bunsen burner. 

Stop heating it when crystals start to form ('point of crystallisation') and allow it to cool down.

Then either leave it to allow the rest of the water to evaporate, or filter out the crystals using filter paper and a funnel. Lastly, dry the crystals in a warm oven.

distillation

  1. A solution is heated, usually using a Bunsen burner.
  2. The liquid in the mixture evaporates into a gas. 
  3. The gas is cooled by a water jacket, and condenses into a liquid, which then flows into the beaker. 

fractional distillation

Heat is applied and the liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates and condenses into a beaker.
If other liquids evaporate by chance, they condense in the fractionating column back into the flask.
The temperature is altered to repeat the process for the second liquid. 
The three liquids are separated based on differing boiling points with the third remaining in the flask.