c) Fixed resistors/lamps

ci) I-V characteristics of resistor, filament lamp, thermistor, diode, and light-emitting diode (LED)

fixed resistor (regardless of the polarity)

  • I ∝ V

    • ohmic conductor

  • resistance = constant

filament lamp (regardless of the polarity)

  • I ∝ V

    • non-ohmic conductor

  • resistance = increasing

    • more electrons

    • more collisions with positive ions

    • electrons + positive ions → more kinetic energy

    • higher temperature