Untitled Flashcard Set

Ch. 10, 8, & 11 RG Terms:

  • John C. Calhoun: U.S. politician and Vice President, staunch defender of states’ rights and slavery.

  • Henry Clay: Influential senator who promoted the "American System" and brokered several major compromises.

  • Nullification Crisis: 1832 conflict over whether states could nullify federal laws, especially tariffs; centered in South Carolina.

  • Martin Van Buren: 8th U.S. President; faced the Panic of 1837 and economic turmoil.

  • Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842): Landmark court case legalizing labor unions in Massachusetts.

  • Tariff of Abomination: Nickname for the high 1828 tariff disliked by the South.

  • Worcester v. Georgia (1832): Supreme Court decision affirming Native American sovereignty, ignored by President Jackson.

  • Indian Removal Act (1830): Law authorizing forced relocation of Native tribes to lands west of the Mississippi.

  • Black Hawk War: 1832 conflict between the U.S. and Native Americans led by Black Hawk in Illinois and Wisconsin.

  • Trail of Tears: The forced march of Cherokee and other tribes to lands west of the Mississippi, resulting in thousands of deaths.

  • Whig Party: Political party formed in opposition to Andrew Jackson, supporting congressional power over the presidency.

  • Panic of 1837: Major economic depression triggered by bank failures and speculation.

  • Know-Nothing Party: Anti-immigrant, anti-Catholic political party of the 1850s.

Social & Reform Movements:

  • Cult of Domesticity: 19th-century belief that women’s place was in the home, nurturing family and morality.

  • Nat Turner’s Rebellion: 1831 slave revolt in Virginia, led by Nat Turner; resulted in harsher slave laws.

  • Transcendentalism: Intellectual movement emphasizing individualism, nature, and self-reliance.

  • Free Soil Party: Political party opposing the expansion of slavery into western territories.

  • Second Great Awakening: 19th-century religious revival that spurred reform movements and new denominations.

  • Charles Finney: Prominent revivalist preacher during the Second Great Awakening.

  • Horace Mann: Education reformer known as the "father of public education."

  • Temperance Crusade: Social movement urging reduced use or prohibition of alcohol.

  • Dorothea Dix: Reform advocate for improved treatment of the mentally ill.

  • Seneca Falls Convention: 1848 gathering that launched the women’s rights movement.

  • William Lloyd Garrison: Abolitionist and editor of The Liberator newspaper.

  • Sojourner Truth: Former enslaved woman, abolitionist, and women’s rights activist, famous for her "Ain’t I a Woman?" speech.

  • Frederick Douglass: Escaped slave, prominent abolitionist, author, and speaker.

  • Harriet Beecher Stowe: Author of "Uncle Tom’s Cabin," influential in changing public opinion about slavery.