Dread Quiz

⚖ Supreme Court Cases

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) – States cannot tax the federal government; confirmed federal supremacy and implied powers (Necessary & Proper Clause).

U.S. v. Lopez (1995) – Limited Congress’s use of the Commerce Clause; struck down Gun-Free School Zones Act as exceeding federal power.

Citizens United v. FEC (2010) – Political spending by corporations = free speech protected by the 1st Amendment.

Marbury v. Madison (1803) – Established judicial review (courts can strike down unconstitutional laws).

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) – Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson; segregation in schools violates the Equal Protection Clause.

Baker v. Carr (1962) – “One person, one vote”; allowed federal courts to review redistricting issues.

Shaw v. Reno (1993) – Race cannot be the main factor in drawing congressional districts.

Engel v. Vitale (1962) – School-sponsored prayer violates the Establishment Clause.

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) – Amish parents can pull kids from school for religious reasons (Free Exercise Clause).

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) – Students’ symbolic speech (armbands) is protected under the 1st Amendment.

West Virginia v. Barnette (1943) – Students cannot be forced to salute the flag or say the Pledge (Free Speech Clause).

Schenck v. U.S. (1919) – Speech can be limited if it creates a “clear and present danger” (espionage act upheld).

New York Times Co. v. U.S. (1971) – Government cannot block publication unless there’s imminent threat to national security (Pentagon Papers case).

McDonald v. Chicago (2010) – 2nd Amendment applies to the states through the 14th Amendment (selective incorporation).

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) – States must provide lawyers to defendants who can’t afford one (6th Amendment).

Roe v. Wade (1973) – Women have a right to abortion under the right to privacy (due process); states can regulate after viability.

Would you like me to turn this into a Quizlet-style format (question + answer) next? That’ll make it easier to memorize for your government test.

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SHORTER !! ONE SENTANCE EACH

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Perfect 👍 here’s your short, one-sentence-per-card version — super study-friendly:

🧠 Foundational Docs

Brutus 1 – Warned a large republic would abuse power; wanted state control.
Fed 10 – Factions are inevitable but controllable in a large republic.
Fed 51 – Checks and balances prevent any branch from dominating.
Fed 70 – Strong, single executive ensures quick and accountable leadership.
Fed 78 – Courts need judicial review to protect the Constitution.

📜 Founding & Legal Docs

Declaration of Independence – Declared freedom from Britain and natural rights.
Mayflower Compact – Early social contract agreeing to self-government.
Constitution – Established U.S. government structure and powers.
Articles of Confederation – Weak first government with no power to tax or enforce laws.
Bill of Rights – First 10 amendments protecting individual freedoms.

⚖ Bill of Rights

1⃣ Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
2⃣ Right to bear arms with a militia.
3⃣ No forced housing of soldiers.
4⃣ No unreasonable searches or seizures.
5⃣ No self-incrimination or double jeopardy; due process.
6⃣ Right to a speedy, public trial and an attorney.
7⃣ Right to a civil jury trial.
8⃣ No cruel or unusual punishment.
9⃣ Rights not listed still exist.
🔟 Powers not given to federal gov’t go to the states.

🗳 Other Amendments

13⃣ Abolished slavery.
14⃣ Guaranteed equal protection and due process.
15⃣ Gave Black men the right to vote.
17⃣ Made senators elected by the people.
22⃣ Limited presidents to two terms.
25⃣ Set presidential succession rules.

📚 Clauses

Due Process Clause – Gov must follow fair legal steps before punishing.
Equal Protection Clause – States must treat people equally under law.
Commerce Clause – Congress can regulate trade between states.
Supremacy Clause – Federal law beats state law.
Necessary & Proper Clause – Congress can make needed laws.
Establishment Clause – Gov can’t create an official religion.
Free Exercise Clause – People can freely practice religion.

⚖ Supreme Court Cases

McCulloch v. Maryland – States can’t tax the federal gov; implied powers exist.
U.S. v. Lopez – Limited Congress’s use of the Commerce Clause.
Citizens United v. FEC – Corporate spending on politics = free speech.
Marbury v. Madison – Created judicial review.
Brown v. Board – Ended school segregation.
Baker v. Carr – Established “one person, one vote.”
Shaw v. Reno – Race can’t dominate district drawing.
Engel v. Vitale – School prayer is unconstitutional.
Wisconsin v. Yoder – Amish kids don’t have to attend public school.
Tinker v. Des Moines – Student symbolic speech is protected.
West VA v. Barnette – Students can’t be forced to say the Pledge.
Schenck v. U.S. – Speech limited if it causes danger.
NYT v. U.S. – Gov can’t block publication without real threat.
McDonald v. Chicago – States must honor 2nd Amendment rights.
Gideon v. Wainwright – States must give defendants lawyers.
Roe v. Wade – Women have a right to abortion before viability.