Untitled Flashcards Set
History Test outline
John Marshall Notes
- Supreme court says it has the right to declare acts of congress unconstitutional.
- Chief Justice, John Marshall, 1801-1834. He is known as the last federalist- never voted down although he is surrounded by republicans such as Madison, Jefferson and Adams.
- 1154 cases were heard in his 33 years.
Marbury vs Madison
- Daniel Webster vs Luther Martin
- In 1812, we do not have a bank to support the war.
- Madison goes to the bank to get money, when the war ends.
Mcculough Vs Maryland
- Maryland does not want a bank, because it creates a monopoly.
- National Bank can kill off banks owned by private individuals.
- Legislature says if the private banks are going to do business, they have to pay a tax.
- McCullough, a cashier at a bank that is federal, says he is not going to pay.
- Maryland, represented by Luther Martin against Mccullough, represented by Daniel Webster.
- Webster’s key nicknames are Black Daniel, due to his eyeballs and Godlike Daniel.
- This case is known as the Civil War in a courtroom because it is pro-state vs. Pro-government. This issue is key, as the federalists are pro-government and the republicans are pro-state.
- OVERALL DECISION:
- No Nullification- Federal Law is Supreme to state
Outlawing Slavery
- Congress can outlaw slavery in certain territories that they decide.
- Can not outlaw slavery in the south because you need ¾ votes.
- Can outlaw in Arkansas territory and Lousiana Purchase area.
- The Purchase Land not having slavery leads to fights between the South and North.
- House of Reps overall is controlled by North.
Tallmadge Amendment of 1820
- He supports Missouri coming into Union as a Slave State.
- He compromises with the Union that no more slaves can join, and children have to be freed by 25.
- South thinks Federal Govt has too much power- how can they force a slave state into free?
- Then Henry Clay, Henry of the West, The Great Compromiser, or Prince Howe steps in with the Missouri Compromise.
Missouri Compromise
- In 1820, 11 free, 11 slave states.
- 60k people in Missouri ask permission to join.
- Missouri will have slaves, makes it 12-11.
- This makes it uneven, so the Missouri Compromise is made by Henry Clay.
- He adds Maine, as a free state, so it is even, and prohibits slavery in Louisiana territory.
- All Land North of 36-30 shall be free, all land under shall be enslaved.
- South accepts this, because they think they will get Mexico and South America.
Monroe Doctrine
- USA will not get into European affairs/ politics, and they will not get involved in ours.
- For Europe, we are the most dangerous nation in the world, as we are governed by the people, which scares Europe.
- We are a model of Democracy.
Early Jackson Notes
- Age of Jackson=1815-1860.
- Dead in 1845, but still dominates politics.
- He was a republican, like Jefferson, anti Hamilton.
- Fulfills Revolution, as every white male is able to vote.
- First president from Western Part of Country
- Henry Clay, with federalist ideals was running against him.
- Federalists name themselves the wigs.
- Loves loyalty.
- Women in Society
- Cult of Domesticity, similar to Republican Motherhood.
- In 1800, as people moved from farms to homes, the men and women relationships changed.
- Women were the heart of the family, educating their sons to be important in the future.
- Men were the head of the family, working.
Seneca Falls Convention
- 1848
- They argue against Cult of Domesticity.
- They try to change Declaration of Independence to all men and women.
1860 Slave Rebellion and Cotton Stats
- In 1860, there are 4 million slaves and 4 million bales of cotton.
- Nat Turner leads a slave revolt in Virginia.
- Reads bible, sees himself as Moses.
- He does not eat, has hallucinations, thinks the Gods are speaking to him.
- One night in 1891, they free many plantations, killing 58 white people.
- In 1860, a slave would be 2,000 dollars then, or 30,000 now.
- 1 percent of slave owners would have 100+ slaves.
- 6.6 percent of owners would have 10-99 slaves.
- But, the one percent run the south and are the congressmen.
- The mountain people hate slavery, and remain loyal to the Union through guerilla warfare throughout the civil war.
Further Jackson Notes
- First politician with nicknames, old hickory, king Andrew the first, King Veto.
- 21 duels in his lifetime, most famous with Sam Houston.
- Led an army in Battle of New Orleans.
- First candidate from the west, Indian fighter.
- Indians nickname him long knife.
- Jackson is the new George Washington, brilliant military leader status.
Election 1828 Notes
- Candidates are:
- John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts, son of John Adams.
- Henry Clay, Kentucky, great compromiser.
- William Crawford, Georgia, all of his personal artifacts are burned by wife, Secretary of Treasury.
- Andrew Jackson, Tennesee, look above.
- Andrew Jackson wins popular vote.
- Electoral college vote is even.
- If Adams wins, Clay agrees to be his secretary of treasury, as it is known to be an avenue to presidency.
- He has a good word with the house, so he debates for Adams.
- Jackson goes to Congress, says election was stolen.
- Jackson says Adams wife’s mom was a whore.
- Adams says Jacksons wife was a whore.
- She was angry that Jackson won because she was going to be publicized.
- She dies of a heart attack and Jackson blames Adams.
- Jackson is depressed, and lets his followers into the whtie house.
- Serves them beer, and pandemonium breaks out.
- Adasm says “The Barbarians have taken over”
Kitchen Cabinet
- Informal Meeting
- President creates a family, his cabinet
- When you appoint a member, you need approval from senate.
- Kitchen cabinet was his friends who are his closest advisors.
- Super sketchy, everyone has had run-ins with the law.
Peggy Eaton Affair
- Wife of John Eaton
- Shunned by other cabinet members because she was a whore.
- Husbands off at sea in the navy.
- Sleeping with John Eaton, and he receives a letter and commits suicide the next day.
- 6 months after, she marries Eaton.
- John Calhoun, the VP leads charge against this.
- Says they should boycott whitehouse events.
- His cabinet all resign, and he cuts Calhoun off.
- Jackson stays with Eatons.
King Veto
- “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it.”
- Jackson is not going to listen to Marshall.
Spoil System
- He is going to fire all people involved with the former president, and bring in his own.
Treaty of Gent
- We send John Adams and Henry Clay to Gent, in Belgium, to negotiate an end to the war.
- We ask them to promise to stop helping the Indians.
- They say No
- Will you promise to stop taking American Ships.
- They say No
- WIll you pormise not to impress our sailors?
- They say no.
- So Treaty of Gent is just to stop fighting and nothing else.
Battle of New Orleans
- On December 24, 1814, Gb and US sign a treaty in Gent ending the war.
- The fleet heading to New Orleans does not know this.
- If they had taken over New Orleans.
- Andrew Jackson, two weeks later, ambshes the british fleet, inflicts two thousand soliders, and only 8 of us die.
- He saves USA.
Hartford Convention
- Federalists meet in Hartford to discuss New England leaving Union, due to war, but, they realize it is over.
- Federalist party ends from here.