Commercial Poultry Industry Exam Review
Exam Review Reminder
- Exam Date: Wednesday at 8 AM, closing Thursday at 8 AM.
- Exam Format: Multiple choice, true/false, short answer, fill in the blank, matching.
History of Commercial Poultry Industry
- Meat Consumption Changes:
- Pre-WWII: Dual purpose birds for meat and eggs.
- Post-WWII: Clear separation of meat and egg production; significant increase in commercialization.
- Vertical Integration:
- Definition: Ownership of all stages of production by one entity.
- Benefit: Eliminates middlemen, improving efficiency in poultry production.
Improvements Post-WWII
- Housing:
- Indoor housing increases environmental control.
- Feeding:
- Automation in feeding processes; least-cost feed formulation ensures nutrient requirements are met affordably.
- Breeding/Genetics:
- Focused genetic selection for meat vs. egg production.
Poultry Production Statistics
- Top States for Broiler Production:
- Top Companies in Poultry Industry:
- Tyson Foods (1st), Pilgrim's Pride (2nd), Wayne-Sanderson Farms, Mount Air Farms, Purdue Foods.
Poultry Meat Products
- Forms of meat sold include whole, cut-up parts, and further processed products (e.g., chicken nuggets).
- Value added through convenience in processing.
Chicken of Tomorrow Contest
- Aimed to find the best meat chicken in the 1940s.
- Resulted in the Cornish Cross breed, foundational for modern broiler industry.
- Winner: Charles Vantris (Cobb Vantris).
Poultry Processing and Marketing
- **Processing Terms:
- New York dressed:** Poultry prepared for market with head, feet, and internal viscera included.
- Trends show decreased consumption of whole birds in favor of parts.
- Feed Costs:
- 70% of poultry production costs attributed to feed.
Complex Site Selection Criteria
- Factors influencing site selection:
- Unemployment rate, terrain, proximity to feed mills, community attitude, and initial cost.
- Importance of infrastructure: railroads, treatment facilities.
Labor Requirements
- Need for both skilled (managers, technicians) and unskilled (hourly production staff).
Contract Growers
- Financial responsibilities primarily on growers (e.g., costs for new barns approximately $300,000, typically paid off in 12-15 years).
- Contract growers earn bonuses based on performance metrics (e.g., low mortality rates, better feed conversion ratios).
Environmental Considerations
- Importance of regulations for waste disposal and environmental management in poultry production sites.
Poultry Management and Health
- Role of complex manager overseeing both live production and processing.
- Effective biosecurity practices crucial for disease prevention.
- Importance of temperature management in poultry housing for preventing respiratory issues and maintaining health.
Feeding and Nutrition
- Feed Types: Pellet, crumble, mash.
- Crucial ingredients: corn and soybean.
- Importance of phase feeding to match nutrient requirements as birds grow.
Poultry Breeding and Myopathies
- Breeding Definitions: Random mating, inbreeding, line breeding, and modern practices like four-way crossbreeding.
- Common Myopathies: Deep pectoral myopathy, wooden breast, white striping, spaghetti meat; associated with growth rates and environmental factors.
Disease Management
- Fungal Diseases: Aflatoxicosis, aspergillosis (Bruder’s pneumonia), thrush/sauerkraut.
- Protozoal Diseases: Most lack maternal protection; prevention through drug rotation.
- Coccidiosis Management: Rotating drugs is key to prevention.
Exam Preparation Tips
- Focus on understanding key concepts related to production management, nutritional requirements, and historical perspectives in poultry.
- Be prepared for true/false statements regarding regulatory standards, production processes, and health issues in poultry management.