Cells

MRS C GREN

Movement - Getting from point A to B - Walking

Respiration - Release of energy in cells - Aerobic Respiration

Sensitivity - Responding to surroundings - Eating

Control - Regulating internal conditions - Regulating internal temperature

Growth - Increase in maturity - Going from a baby to an adult

Reproduction - Creation of offspring - Having kids

Excretion - Removal of metabolic waste - Urination

Nutrition - Intake of nutrients - Eating


Organelles

Vacuole - Controls cell sap.

Cell Wall - Provides support to the cell.

Cytoplasm - Where chemical reactions occur.

Ribosome - Protein synthesis.

Mitochondria - Respiration

Chloroplast - Photosynthesis.

Cell Membrane - Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Nucleus - Controls the cell.

Plasmid - Contains DNA of the cell that can be replicated

Plant cells’ cell walls are made from cellulose

Fungi cells’ cell walls are mode of chitin

Bacteria cells’ cell walls are made from peptidoglycan


Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism


Features of Eukaryotic cells

  • Multicellular or single celled

  • Nuclei

  • Alive in fertilization

Features of Prokaryotic cells

  • Circular chromosome, no nucleus

  • Single celled

Cell Movement

Cells can move through three main methods:

Active Transport - Movement of particles from a low to high concentration.

Diffusion - Net Movement of particles from a high to low concentration

Osmosis - Net Movement of water to a high to low water potential

The rate of cell movement can be changed by four factors:

Surface Area: Volume ratio - higher = quicker

Distance - lower dist = higher

Temperature - Higher temp = quicker

Concentration Gradient - higher = quicker

Surface Area = w h number of faces

Volume = w h d

Simplify the ratio!!

Cell Magnification

mm → micrometre (µm)

45 * 1000 = 45000

Multiply by 1000

Cell Magnification = Length on diagram / Actual length

Pathogens

Pathogens cause harm / disease.

Some bacteria are pathogenic, like pneumococcus which causes pneumonia

Some fungi are pathogenic, causing diseases like athletes foot. Mushrooms aren't pathogenic.

Protoctists can be pathogenic, like plasmodium which causes malaria.

Features of various types of cells:

https://quizlet.com/833046811/bio-topic-1-flash-cards/

(m) - Y/N