Period 3 Notes
George Washington
Was really the only president to choose a cabinet of people who were the best at their job
Cabinet
Adams was VP
Jefferson was secretary of state
Hamilton was in charge of treasury
Knox was secretary of war
The courts
John Jay became Chief Justice
was trying to not remove all the traditions of the states, but also assert the supreme court as the supreme law of the land
Alexander Hamilton
Secretary of State
Had plans to stabalize the US economy
Plan
Make a national debt
Make tariffs
Make a national bank
Made a compromise
Drastically decreased the amount of tariffs
Made using the elastic cause
Constitutionality was questioned
Foreign Policy
France had a revolution
We wanted neutrality
we wanted to leave europe to do its own thing
Jay’s Treaty
Deals with the problems the British had
They didnt send an ambassador
They still had troops in the Northwest
Pinckney’s Treaty
Gives us access to trade in New Orleans(Spain’s land)
Domestic
Whiskey Rebellion 1794
Western PA farmers refused to pay the extra tax on whiskey
Federalist & Democratic-Republicans
Federalist
Hamilton and John Adams
They believed in broad interpretation of the constitution
Wanted a strong central government
Wanted a balanced economy
Has multiple pilars, not reliant on just one thing
Wanted to trade, have agriculture, industralize, etc
Most federalist were in the north because they were pro-trade, and mostly it was the north that was pro-trade
Was a little more in favor of an aristocracy, wanted to make sure people who could vote were more competent and informed
Were a little bit pro-british
This is because they had more trade opportunities with them than France, and they had to pick a side
Democratic-Republicans
Jefferson and Madison
Madison used to be a federalist, but then changed. He was only a federalist because he wanted a constitution
Strict interpretation of the Constitution
Favored common people
Lower voting qualifications
Strong State governments
Agriculture based economy
Small public debt
Pro-French
Yeoman farmers means subsistence farmer
John Adams Presidency
Was the second president
It was a close election by him and thomas jefferson, he was behind by one electoral vote
Jefferson was vice President
XYZ Affair
Ultimately, Adams's presidency was marked by significant diplomatic challenges, including tensions with France that stemmed from the XYZ Affair, which stirred public sentiment against France and led to a quasi-war.
The Quasi-war is when he armed mechant ships
Basically he asked Congress to give merchants naval cannons
This period also saw the strengthening of the U.S. Navy, as Adams sought to protect American shipping interests and assert the nation's sovereignty.
Adams was offered a bribe to talk to the French
Alien and Sedition Acts
Gives the President the power to deport anyone that they feel dangerous, even without proof
They increased naturalization laws
It became a 14 year process
In response to these, Jefferson wrote the Kentucky resolution and Madison wrote the Virginia Resolution
They were not law, just suggestions
They wanted to give the states the power to nullify/veto things
Started the idea of states having rights
Election of 1800
Was similar to modern elections
Two main candidates
Jefferson and Burr(?)
Federalists were split between wanting Adams and Hamilton
Two people tied for first in the electoral colleges
The vote goes to the house of represenatives
They also tie, then vote again, and tie again
They vote 35 times before it is decided
The people who were voting for Adams changed to vote for Jefferson because they believed he was the better candidate because Adams new him better and respected him more
Jefferson Presidency
Is a democratic-republican
starts cutting back spending so people can have less taxes
removed embassies from random countries we dont really need to talk to but kept them with important countries
drastically reduces military
He makes the Lousina purchase from Spain
he is conflicted because this means going into debt which means more taxes, which he is against
Quids are democratic-republicans but even more hardcore, never going against their beliefs
Britian attacks a US Merchant ship and the US passes an embargo act against Britain.
James Madison
Democratic-Republican
Does not have universal support within its own party
Quids are mad that they are acting too federalist
Jefferson Presidency left him with the embargo act
Non-intercourse act 1809
This act aimed to maintain peaceful trade relations while enforcing restrictions on specific countries, ultimately affecting the economy.
Macon’s Bill Number 2
Says first country to accept we will trade exclusivley with and not trade with the other
Impressment is stealing of our sailors and making them fight for them
War hawks
Younger politicans from the south
First generation who grew up in America
Henry Clay was an important politican
John Calhoun
Native Americans fight some Americans who are expanding, Tecumseh and Tippecanoe
Battle of Tippecanoe 1811
Americans win
Eliminates the Natives as a threat in the west
War of 1812
Between US and British
ends in 1814
Doesn’t really accomplish anything
We start to attack Canada because we think they are busy in Europe
They burned our capitol
Treaty of Gent
Signed around Christmas
After peace is signed, another battle is fought before the news gets back to here
The US enlist pirates and others
When the British get attacked, they get absolutley killed
Thousands of British deaths for 40 American deaths
Hartford Convention
Federalists get together to talk about what they want to change
They didn’t think their views were getting heard
They wanted to overhaul the convention
They wanted to make it harder to pass laws and limit the power of the constitution
This led to the demise of the federalist party because they talked about wanting to change the constitution and wanted to cecede.
New Period
One had one political party once the federalists dissapeared
Economic Policies
Henry Clay proposed an idea called the American system telling the government to make protective tarriffs.
He also proposed that they wanted to renew the national bank as it was expiring.
Additionally, Clay advocated for internal improvements, such as the construction of roads and canals, to facilitate commerce and unify the nation. Internal improvements is aka infastructure in modern day.
The tarriff of 1816 passed, it was a protective tarrif that was accepted nation-wide.
Panic of 1819
Caused by the rechartering of the national bank
First major economic crisis after the constitution
Resulted in widespread bank failures and high unemployment rates, leading to significant social and political repercussions.
Aren’t as many loans being given out due to credit restrictions
Expansion
We start fighting natives and taking land all over the place, including Florida and Canada
Adams-Onis Treaty
Aka trans continental treaty
Biggest part of the treaty is us buying Florida from Spain
Canada
Gave us some treaties with the British where we share the Great Lakes and the 49th paralel
Missouri Compromise
Created an issue of needing a balance between free states and slave states
Tallmadge amendment
Proposed that no further slaves are allowed in Missouri and that slaves children, when they are 25, become free
Clays proposal
Makes the Missouri Compromise
Proposed that Missouri entered as a slave state, but they took Maine from Massachussetts and made it its own state
Formed a line where half the country is free and the other half is slave
Foreign Policy
Monroe Doctrine
This doctrine asserted that further European colonization in the Americas would be viewed as acts of aggression and that the United States would intervene to protect its interests and those of its neighbors.
Basically said the US would not interfere with Europe and Europe would not interfere with the West
Also Mexico became independent of Spain in North America
Claimed that North America was fundamentally different than Europe, Monarchy vs Republic
Find madison and jefferson party