Sydney Kulhan - U4: vocabulary
Unit 4: Inheritance & Variation of Traits
Use your SAVVAS book, Topic 2, to define the following terms.
| Dominant allele An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present |
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| Recessive allele an allele that is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present |
| Genotype an organisms genetic makeup |
| Phenotype an organisms physical appearance |
| Chromosome a threadlike structure within a cells nucleus that contains dna that is passed from 1 generation to the next |
| Meiosis the processthat occurs in the formation of sex cells y which the number of chrmosones are reduced by half |
| Chromatids the structure formed when chromosome divides during meiosis |
| Mitosis the second stage of the cell cycle during the new cells nucleus divides in to two new nucli and one set of dna is divided into each daughter cell |
| DNA deoxyribonnucliec acid the genetic material that carries information around the organism that is inherited from parent to offspring |
| mRNA type of RNA that carries copiesof instructions for the assembly ofamino acids into protein from dna to ribosomes in the cyptoplasm |
| Sex chromosome apair of chromosomes carring genes that determine if you are a boy or girl |
| Autosomal chromosome the 22 pairs of chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes |
| Mutation any change in the dna of a gene or the chromosome |
| Sex linked gene a gene carried on a sex chromosome |
| Clone an orgainsim that is geneticalie identical to the organism from which it was produced |
| Genome the complete set ofgenetic information that an organism carries in its dna |
| Heterozygous*havin inherited different cells |
| Homozygous* having inhearite same cells |
| Pedigree a tool that geneticists use tomap out the inheritance of traits |
| Gene sequence the complete set of geneticinformation in order to produce an organism with desired traits |