1st and 2nd endings - play through the piece to the repeat sign at the end of the first ending, then go back to the beginning and take the second ending.

8th note - half beat in common time.

A tempo - Return to the original tempo.

Accelerando - gradually faster

Accidentals - sharps, flats, or naturals NOT found in the key signature.

Adagio - Very slow

Allegretto - lively, but not too fast.

Allegro - Fast

Andante - medium slow, (walking tempo)

Andantino - slightly faster than andante(slow).

Articulation - the style the notes are played.

Caesura (cut off) - to interrupt or stop suddenly.

Cantabile -  in a singing style

chromatic scale - a scale ascending or descending in half steps

coda - a section added to a composition to form a conclusion or ending. The coda sign (target thingy) is used to indicate where the coda begins

common time - another name for 4/4 time signature

con espressione - with expression

con moto - with motion

con spirito - with spirit

crescendo - gradually louder <

cut time - 2/2 time

Dal Segno (D.S.) - (Da Sign) repeat from the sign and end at FINE

Decrescendo - gradually softer >

Dolce - sweetly, softly

Duet - two people play

Dynamics - how loud or soft the music is played

Enharmonic tones - notes that sound the same but are spelled differently

Fermata - means to hold for an extended period of time

Forte (F) - loud

Fortepiano (FP) - loud followed by immediately soft

fortissimo (FF) - very loud

Grave - slow and solemn

Half step - the smallest interval between two tones in western music

Harmony - more than one pitch heard at the same time

Interval - the distance between two pitches

key signature - one or more flats/sharps that appear at the beginning of the piece

legato - smooth and connected

lento - very slow

Maestoso - majestic, stately, grand

marcato - marked, accented

measure repeat sign (%) - play the preceding measure again

Mezzo forte (MF) - medium loud

Mezzo piano (MP) - medium soft

Moderato - moderately

molto - much, very

multi measure rest - when multiple measures of rest are represented by a bar with the number of measures on top.

Pianissimo (PP) - very soft

piano (P) - soft

Presto - very fast

quarter note/rest - one beat in common time

rallentando - gradually slower and broader

ritardando - gradually slower

scale - series of tones played in ascending or descending order

Sforzando (SFZ) - accent a single note or chord

sixteenth note - quarter beat in common time

slur - a curved line connecting two or more notes of different pitch

Soli - section or group solo

Solo - one person plays

sostenuto - sustained

staccato - short and detached (light)

syncopation - putting the emphasis on the weak beats

tempo - the speed of the music

Tenuto - notes held full value

tie - a curved line that connects two or more notes of the same pitch

time signature - TOP number tells you how many beats are in a measure, BOTTOM number tells you what note gets the beat

tranquillo - calm, serene

triplets - three eighth notes that receive one beat

unison - playing of the same notes or melody by all instruments

Vivace - very fast

whole note - receives 4 beats in common time

whole step - interval between two notes that equals two half steps