Art History Quiz #2 Terms
Entasis - Subte curvature of the column shaft that compensates for the way the human eye sees lines from a distance
Doric - Simple, squat, strong, commonly associated strang mare gods (e.g. Zeus)
Tonics Corinthian- Typically taller, thinner, more elegant. Their capitals are ornamented, frequently associated with femininity, i used in temples Cor female gods (Aphrodite or Artemis)
Mimesis - Or mimicry (imitation)
Volutes- Spiraling shapes that imitate an unfurling scroll
Vault - View of central arches of an aqueduct. An arch extended to cover a larger space.
Post beam construction- made of columns that supported beams laid over them at right angles (e.g in the Parthenon, a.K.a Post and lintel construction)
Plaster- non-free standing column that is fused with the building
Tripartite Vision - Dividing the composition of the Palazzo Medici into three, like a classical column with its base, shalt, and capital.
Rusticated- Decorative masonry achieved by cutting back the edges of stone to a plane surface while leaving the central portion at the fade either raugh or project markedly.
Chartes Baudelaire - "Modernity is the transient, the fleeting, the contingent; it is one half of art, the other being the eternal immovable.
Lunettes - senior or crescent shaped, arch often tiled with paintings, mosai, sliptur
Chiaroscuro- effect of light shadow to convey a sense of both volume, drama figures, and objects, elongating human figures and placing them in a variety of dramatic poses for a dynamic composition
Chiaroscuro- clear total contrasts which are often used to suggest the volume, modeling of the subjects depicted
Trompe l'oeil- Trick at the eye
Historical perspective- With respect to time
Optic perspective - With respect to space: the capacity to realize the distance of the objects from each other from the viewer: the capacity to understand them in their actual place,time, their distinction from each other in their individuality
Realism- Accurate, detailed unembellished depiction of nature or everyday life
Individualism- emphasis on the artistic , unique perspective, style, and expression. Challenging conventions and societal norms to create work that reflects their inner world i personal vision
Baroque style- Emphasized drama and emotion as expressed through dynamic composition of the twisting body, taut muscles, and emotional expression on the face.
Renaissance style- from 1400s and 1500 CE. that rediscovered the artistic qualities and values of ancient Greece and Rome. Reviving them and their appreciation for the natural beauty of the human body, realistic/naturalistic representation in painting and sculpture through the development of linear perspective and realistic rendering of the anatomy, proportion, and space. Using geometries in architecture such as the circle, square, triangle
Mannerism - A 'transitional' style emerging in the early and mid-1500s, following the Renaissance, and distinguished for the way artists began elongating forms, using greater "chiaroscuro" effects (greater contrasts of light and shadow), and imaginatively embellishing scenes to heighten the drama and individualistic style of their art
Baroque - the name of a time period as well as the style that dominated it, mainly in the 1600s C.E. The Baroque style used exaggerated motion and clear, easily interpreted detail to produce drama, tension, exuberance, and grandeur in sculpture, painting, literature, dance, architecture, and music. The style started around 1600 in Rome, Italy and spread to most of Europe. The popularity and success of the "Baroque" was encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church which had decided that the arts should communicate religious themes with direct and emotional involvement of the viewer in the subject matter. The aristocracy also saw the dramatic style of Baroque architecture and art as a means of impressing visitors and expressing triumphant power and control.
Selling indulgences - paying money to a priest to have your sur forgiven.
Simony- selling positions (e.g. priesthood) within the church for money (bribe)
Bernini's giant baroque staircase- aka "Royal Staircase" or "Scala Regia", built 1663-1666 is a powerfully theatrical baroque staircase up the Papal Throne Room (Sala Regina), next to the Sistine chapel, used to express the power and position of the pope
Baldacchino- Canopy directly above the tomb of St. Peter
Solomonic - Spiraling "helical" columns are therefore sometimes called Solomonic columns
Axis mundi- Connects sacred tomb of St. Peter un earth to the heavens "axis connecting the world to the heavens"
2 distinguishing features of Baroque art are emotional expression and theatricality
Papal urban planning - reopening of water supplies, building of new roads, churches all were helping Rome to come back to life, neighborhood by neighborhood