progressive

Progressive Era Review Sheet

Please type your responses in red or blue

Key Terms and Concepts

  • Progressives:  A progressive is a person or group of people that want an economic and social reform/change. Mostly this will happen by government action. 

  • Muckrakers: An investigative journalist and writer. 

  • Hull House: Influential settlement house for immigrants and for the urban poor

  • Triangle Shirtwaist Fire: A factory where an abundant amount of workers which were only women sewed shirts that went into flames showing the bad conditions. 

  • Initiative: It means to begin and is used within politics. 

  • Referendum: General vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them by direct decision 

  • Primary:The first in the moring 

  • Recall: The voters can remove elected officials in office. 

  • Square Deal: It deals with conservation of natural resources, control of corporations and consumer protection, it makes businesses and consumers equal and fair.  

Important Legislation and Court Cases

  • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896): Black man sat in a white car on the train and the supreme court ruled that as wrong and that showed that black and white people were not treated equally 

  • Elkins Act: By Theodore rosevelt working on the railroad debates and fines could be imposed on companies that accepted railroad rebates. 

  • Hepburn Act: Limited free passes that were awarded to individual corporations 

  • Meat Inspection Act Theodore Roosevelt read booked like the jungle which led him to inspecting meal and other foods eaten

 Key People

  • Jane Addams: Pioneered social reforms and activists 

  • Robert LaFollette: American politician who was a leading figure of the progressive movement

  • Carrie Chapman Catt: American suffrage and peace activist who led the national AWSA and founded the league of women voters and played a big part in the 19th amendment. 

  • Alice Paul: leading the militant wing of the women's suffrage movement, which was instrumental in the passage of the 19th Amendment giving women the right to vote

  • Theodore Roosevelt: 26th US president known for his energetic leadership and progressive reforms like trust busting and conservation and expanding the role of the US in world affairs. 

  • Gifford Pinchot: An american foster and politician who served as the first chief of the US forest service and is known for coining the term conservation ethic.  

  • William Taft: president after Roosevelt, continued some Progressive reforms.

  • Woodrow Wilson: U.S. president who created reforms like the Federal Reserve and led during WWI.

  • W.E.B. Du Bois: Civil rights leader who wanted equality for Black Americans through education and protest.

  • Booker T. Washington: Black leader who believed in gaining equality through hard work and education.

Constitutional Amendments 

  • 16th Amendment: Gives congress the authority to levy and collect federal income tax sources without needing to divide the tax among states based on population it ratified in 1913 and gave congress the power to levy federal income tax. 

  • 17th Amendment: was ratified in 1913 changed the way us sector are elected 

  • 18th Amendment:ratified in 1919 banned the manufacture sale and transportation of alcohol in the us 

  • 19th Amendment: ratified in 1920 gave women right to vote 

Quick Review Questions

  1. What was the goal of the Progressive movement?
    To fix problems caused by industrialization, improve government, and help society.

  2. Who were muckrakers, and why were they important?
    Writers who exposed the corruption and bad conditions and they helped  start reforms 

  3. What reforms were prompted by the Triangle Shirtwaist fire?
    New safety laws, fire escapes, and better working conditions.

  4. Describe the difference between Initiative, Referendum, Primary, and Recall.
    People propose a law, people vote on a law, People choose candidates, People remove an elected official

  5. What was Theodore Roosevelt’s “Square Deal”?
    Fair treatment for workers, businesses, and consumers.

  6. What was the significance of Plessy v. Ferguson?
    Allowed racial segregation under “separate but equal.”

  7. What reforms did the Elkins and Hepburn Acts address?
    Stopped unfair railroad rates and gave the government power to regulate them.

  8. Who were Carrie Chapman Catt and Alice Paul, and how did their approaches to suffrage differ?
    Catt wanted slow, state-by-state change but  Paul wanted fast, national action and protests.

  9. What did the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th Amendments accomplish?
    The 16th let the government collect income taxes, the 17th let people elect senators, the 18th banned alcohol, and the 19th gave women the right to vote.

  11. How did W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington differ in their views on African American progress?

Du Bois wanted fast change and protests for equality and  Washington wanted slow progress through education and hard work.