Filipino Language Proficiency and Reading Comprehension

Usage of “Ng” and “Nang”

Using “Nang” to Count

• Meaning for “when.”

  • “Hattinggabi na nang makauwi si Leo sa kanyang bahay” → Leo left his house at midnight.
  • “Nang hapong iyon, nalaman ni Marie na siya ang nanalo sa patimpalak.” → During that afternoon, Marie found out that she won the contest.

• Meaning for “to” or “for.”

  • “Kailangan mo mag-ipon ng pera nang makabili ka na ng sarili mong bisikleta.” → You need to save money to buy yourself a bicycle.
  • “Nagsimulang mag-ehersisyo si Maynard nang siya ay maging mas malusog.” → Maynard started exercising for him to become healthier.

• Combination of “na” and “nang.”

  • “Masyado nang matagal nakababad sa arawan and pinatutuyo mong mga damit.” → The clothes were hung in the sun a bit too long.
  • “Sobra nang pagod ang dinaranas ni Melissa sa kanyang mga araw-araw na aktibidad.” → What Melissa is going through is very tiring in her every day activities.

• Describing action or degree

  • “Natulog nang nakaupo si Dominic.” → Dominic slept sitting up.
  • “Nagutom nang sobra si Danielle.” → Danielle is very hungry.

• For words that are repeating

  • “Kumain man nang kumain si Jasper, siguradong hindi pa rin siya tataba.” → Even if Jasper keeps eating, he doesn’t get fat.
  • “Tulog nang tulog si Benson, pero lagi pa rin siyang inaantok.” → Benson always sleeps, but he’s always sleepy.

• Show ownership of an object or action

  • “Pinakain ng nanay ang kanyang mga anak.” → The mother made her children eat.

• Remember:

  Sometimes there is a contraction when it comes to the combination of “na” and “ang.” Use it with an apostrophe to show the contraction.

  • “Mataas na’ng araw pagmulat ko ng aking mga mata.” → The sun is high when I open my eyes.

Usage of “D” and “R”

• Usually, “D” is used when the word before it ends with a consonant, while “R” is for when it is a vowel.
• If a word ends with -ri, -ra, -raw, and -ray, you use “din” and “daw.”
• Interchanging “D” and “R” in a word changes the meaning but has a resemblance with each other.

Usage of Dash

• In repeating words
• In repeating the first two syllables of a word
• Repeating the first two syllables of a word does not include the prefix if there is.
• Separating a prefix that ends with a consonant and a word that starts with a vowel
• If the prefix is “de” or “di.”
• Put a dash in between the prefix and a word that is a preposition
• Put a dash between the prefix and a word that doesn’t have a Filipino translation.
• Put a dash in between the prefix and number, whether that is the actual word or the symbol.
• In last names

Verbs

More information

1. Ang kapatiran na Delta Alpha ay sumusuporta sa mapayapang pag-aareglo ng mga gulo sa kampus.

   ^^kapatiran na Delta Alpha^^

   The adjective is incorrect in the construction of the adjective. Since “brotherhood” ends in the letter “n,” should in its use as an adjective, add “-g” to the end.

2. Pangalan ko ang nakabunot ng tagapagsalita sa bola kagabi kaya ako labis na natuwa.

   ^^nakabunot^^

   The focus of the verb should be on the object because it is the subject. The verb must be “nabunot.”

3. Dahil malapit na ang takdang araw ng pagpapasa, kailangang-kailangan nang gumawa ng mga pagsasaliksik sila Ana at Justin.

   ^^sila Ana at Justin^^

   “Sila” is a pronoun used interchangeably with people, but there are people already in the sentence. The pronoun is not needed. The modifier “nina” must be used.

4. Naghihintay pa rin ako sa iyo, hanggang matapos ang panahon.

   ^^Naghihintay^^

   In the use of “pa,” the verb must be future. “Maghihintay” must be used.

5. Lahat tayo ay may pananagutan para sa isa’t isa kaya kailangan nating siguraduhin ang pamumuhay ng marami.

   ^^marami^^

   An incorrect pronoun covers “marami” because it is an adjective referring to “a lot.” What is needed is a pronoun that refers to “everything” such as “all.”