Lecture 1

Page 1: Title and Author

Definition: Electromagnetics involves the study and application of electric and magnetic fields.
Key Topics Covered:
- Circuit Theory
- Kirchhoff’s Voltage and Current Laws
- Fundamental Concepts:
  - Current
  - Resistance
  - Capacitance
  - Inductance
  - Voltage
- Description of Power, Electric Machines
- Antennas, Waves and Wave Propagation
- Optics and Optical Computing
Connection to Electrical Engineering: Applied Electromagnetics play a significant role in this field.

Technological Advancements: With miniaturization and higher frequency operations, traditional circuit theory becomes less effective.
High Frequency Applications:
- Required use of transmission line and guided wave theory for micro/nano electronics and integrated circuits.
Practical Applications:
- Fiber Optics
- Microwave Communication Systems
- Antennas and wave propagation
- Optical Computing
- Addressing Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility
- Applications in Biology and Medicine, specifically Medical Imaging.

Growing Demand: As electromagnetic frequencies increase, the demand for knowledgeable engineers rises.
Key Responsibilities:
- Design of high-frequency circuits, antennas, and waveguides
- Ensure functionality in presence of interference and design without causing further interference.
Career Preparation:
- Specialization prepares engineers for roles in radar, antennas, fiber optics, and microwave communication fields.

Definition: Electromagnetics investigates effects of charges at rest and in motion.
Special Cases:
- Electrostatics: Charges at rest
- Magnetostatics: Charges in steady motion (DC)
- Electromagnetic waves: Waves excited by time-varying charges.

Fundamental Laws:
- Maxwell's equations form the foundation for classical electromagnetics.
- Special cases include electrostatics, magnetostatics, electromagnetic waves.
Other Laws: Kirchoff’s Laws, along with contributions from other disciplines.

Fundamental Principles: Maxwell’s equations describe all classical electromagnetic phenomena such as:
- Electrostatics
- Magnetostatics
- Electromagnetic wave propagation
Importance: Integral and differential equations derived from Maxwell's equations assist in solving electromagnetic problems.

Description: Provides the relationship between electric force and distance for point charges.
Key Concept: The force is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction for interacting point charges.

Concept: The electric field relates to the force per unit charge experienced at a given point in an electric field.
Units: Defined in terms of newtons per coulomb or volts per meter.

Different Forms of Charge:
- Point charges, volume charges, surface charges, line charges.
Electric Field Contribution: Electric fields can be derived from continuous distributions of charge in various forms.

Concept Overview: Potential energy in the context of electric fields and work done in moving charges.
Key Relationships: Line integrals of the electric field provide insights into potentials.

Definition: Measured by the ability to store charge; tailored design of capacitors based on area and distance between plates.
Formulas: Established equations describing stored energy related to capacitance.

Electrostatic vs. Magnetostatic:
- Sources: Stationary charges (Electrostatics) vs. steady currents (Magnetostatics).
- Constitutive parameters, equations, potential energy, force relationships detailed for both fields.
- Comparison of operational characteristics and applications.